实验五
实验任务1:
(1)源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[],int n); 5 void output(int x[],int n); 6 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax); 7 8 int main(){ 9 int a[N]; 10 int min, max; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a,N); 14 15 printf("数据是:\n"); 16 output(a,N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 find_min_max(a,N,&min,&max); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("min = %d, max = %d\n",min,max); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[],int n){ 28 int i; 29 30 for(i=0;i<n;++i) 31 scanf("%d",&x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[],int n){ 35 int i; 36 37 for(i=0;i<n;++i) 38 printf("%d ",x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 void find_min_max(int x[],int n,int *pmin,int *pmax){ 43 int i; 44 45 *pmin=*pmax=x[0]; 46 47 for(i=0;i<n;++i) 48 if(x[i]<*pmin) 49 *pmin=x[i]; 50 else if(x[i]>*pmax) 51 *pmax=x[i]; 52 }
回答问题:
1.find_min_max的功能是找出最大值max和最小值min
2.指向x[0]所在地址
(2)源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 5 3 4 void input(int x[],int n); 5 void output(int x[],int n); 6 void *find_max(int x[], int n); 7 8 int main(){ 9 int a[N]; 10 int *pmax; 11 12 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 13 input(a,N); 14 15 printf("数据是:\n"); 16 output(a,N); 17 18 printf("数据处理...\n"); 19 pmax=find_max(a,N); 20 21 printf("输出结果:\n"); 22 printf("min = %d\n",*pmax); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void input(int x[],int n){ 28 int i; 29 30 for(i=0;i<n;++i) 31 scanf("%d",&x[i]); 32 } 33 34 void output(int x[],int n){ 35 int i; 36 37 for(i=0;i<n;++i) 38 printf("%d ",x[i]); 39 printf("\n"); 40 } 41 42 void *find_max(int x[],int n){ 43 int max_index=0; 44 int i; 45 46 for(i=0;i<n;++i) 47 if(x[i]>x[max_index]) 48 max_index = i; 49 50 return &x[max_index]; 51 }
回答问题:
1.返回最大的数据
2.不可以,返回的是地址即元素所在位置,而不是元素
实验任务2:
(1)源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main(){ 6 char s1[N]="Learning makes me happy"; 7 char s2[N]="Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char tmp[N]; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizaof(s1) = %d\n",sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 strcpy(tmp, s1); 20 strcpy(s1, s2); 21 strcpy(s2, tmp); 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
回答问题:
1.数组s1的大小是80字节,sizeof(s1)的计算的是数组s1的字节数,strlen(s1)统计的是s1中的字符数
2.不能,不可以对数组名赋值,需使用strcpy
3.交换了
(2)源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 int main(){ 6 char *s1="Learning makes me happy"; 7 char *s2="Learning makes me sleepy"; 8 char *tmp; 9 10 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 11 printf("sizaof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 12 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 13 14 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 15 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 16 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 17 18 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 19 tmp = s1; 20 s1 = s2; 21 s2 = tmp; 22 23 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 24 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 25 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 26 27 return 0; 28 }
回答问题:
1.指针变量s1存放的是字符串常量的首地址,sizeof(s1)计算的是s1本身所占的字节数,strlen(s1)统计的是字符串常量的字符数
2.可以,task2_1.c中的s1是字符数组,task2_2.c中的s1是字符指针
3.交换的是s1与s2指向的地址;没有交换
实验任务3:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 3 int main(){ 4 int x[2][4] = {{1,9,8,4},{2,0,4,9}}; 5 int i,j; 6 int *ptr1; 7 int (*ptr2)[4]; 8 9 printf("输出1:使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n"); 10 for(i=0;i<2;++i){ 11 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 12 printf("%d ", x[i][j]); 13 printf("\n"); 14 } 15 16 printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)间接访问\n"); 17 for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) { 18 printf("%d ", *ptr1); 19 20 if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) 21 printf("\n"); 22 } 23 24 printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)间接访问\n"); 25 for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2){ 26 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 27 printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j)); 28 printf("\n"); 29 } 30 31 return 0; 32 }
回答问题:
int (*ptr)[4]; 中,标识符ptr表示的是指针;int *ptr[4]; 中,标识符ptr表示数组
实验任务4:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); 5 6 int main(){ 7 char text[N] = "Programming is difficult or not, it is a question."; 8 9 printf("原始文本:\n"); 10 printf("%s\n", text); 11 12 replace(text,'i','*'); 13 14 printf("处理后文本: \n"); 15 printf("%s\n", text); 16 17 return 0; 18 } 19 20 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char){ 21 int i; 22 23 while(*str) { 24 if(*str == old_char) 25 *str = new_char; 26 str++; 27 } 28 }
回答问题:
1.函数replace的功能是将old_char替换为new_char
2.可以
实验任务5:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 4 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x); 5 6 int main() { 7 char str[N]; 8 char ch; 9 10 while(printf("输入字符串: "), gets(str) != NULL){ 11 printf("输入一个字符: "); 12 ch = getchar(); 13 14 printf("截断处理...\n"); 15 str_trunc(str, ch); 16 17 printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str); 18 getchar(); 19 } 20 21 return 0; 22 } 23 24 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x){ 25 char *p = str; 26 27 while (*p!= '\0') { 28 if (*p == x) { 29 *p = '\0'; 30 return str; 31 } 32 p++; 33 } 34 return str; 35 }
回答问题:
去掉后不会输出截断处理后的字符串,line18是为了重新输入字符串
实验任务6:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #define N 5 4 5 int check_id(char *str); 6 7 int main() 8 { 9 char *pid[N] = {"31010120000721656X", 10 "3301061996X0203301", 11 "53010220051126571", 12 "510104199211197977", 13 "53010220051126133Y"}; 14 int i; 15 16 for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) 17 if (check_id(pid[i])) 18 printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]); 19 else 20 printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]); 21 22 return 0; 23 } 24 25 int check_id(char *str) { 26 int s=0; 27 while(str[s]!='\0'){ 28 s++; 29 } 30 if(s!=18) 31 return 0; 32 33 int i; 34 for(i=0;i<17;i++){ 35 if(str[i]<'0'||str[i]>'9') 36 return 0; 37 } 38 if(str[17]>='0'&&str[17]<='9') 39 return 1; 40 else if(str[17]=='X') 41 return 1; 42 else 43 return 0; 44 }
实验任务7:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #define N 80 3 void encoder(char *str, int n); 4 void decoder(char *str, int n); 5 6 int main(){ 7 char words[N]; 8 int n; 9 10 printf("输入英文文本: "); 11 gets(words); 12 13 printf("输入n: "); 14 scanf("%d", &n); 15 16 printf("编码后的英文文本: "); 17 encoder(words, n); 18 printf("%s\n", words); 19 20 printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: "); 21 decoder(words, n); 22 printf("%s\n", words); 23 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 void encoder(char *str, int n){ 28 while(*str){ 29 if ((*str>='a'&&*str<='z')||(*str >= 'A' && *str <= 'Z')){ 30 if (*str >= 'a'&&*str <= 'z'){ 31 *str = (*str - 'a' + n) % 26 + 'a'; 32 } else { 33 *str = (*str - 'A' + n) % 26 + 'A'; 34 } 35 } 36 str++; 37 } 38 } 39 40 void decoder(char *str, int n){ 41 while (*str) { 42 if ((*str >= 'a'&&*str <= 'z')||(*str >= 'A'&&*str <= 'Z')){ 43 if (*str >= 'a'&&*str <= 'z'){ 44 *str = (*str - 'a' - n + 26) % 26 + 'a'; 45 } else { 46 *str = (*str - 'A' - n + 26) % 26 + 'A'; 47 } 48 } 49 str++; 50 } 51 }
试验任务8:
源代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 4 void bubble_sort(char *x[], int n) { 5 int i, j; 6 char *t; 7 for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { 8 for (j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) { 9 if (strcmp(x[j], x[j + 1]) > 0) { 10 t = x[j]; 11 x[j] = x[j + 1]; 12 x[j + 1] = t; 13 } 14 } 15 } 16 } 17 18 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { 19 int i; 20 char *name[argc]; 21 for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) 22 name[i - 1] = argv[i]; 23 bubble_sort(name, argc - 1); 24 for (i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) 25 printf("hello, %s\n", name[i]); 26 return 0; 27 }