ASP.NET中的healthMonitoring
有不少朋友不了解这个所谓的healthMonitoring，实际上这是自.NET Framework 2.0就开始拥有的特性。顾名思义，它是可以帮助我们对ASP.NET应用程序运行的健康状况进行监视的一套服务。
这个部分的设置，可以在F:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\CONFIG目录下面的web.config文件中找到。
我要简要地介绍一下这个特性的架构
1. 首先，要设置有关的eventMappings，也就是说定义要监视的事件。
2. 然后，定义所谓的监视提供程序（provider)，此时可能要定义有关的bufferMode，也就是每个provider所使用的缓冲模型。
3. 然后，定义有关的规则，也就是说，哪些事件采用哪种provider来监视。（默认会有两个规则，就是将错误的事件，以及审核失败的事件，发送到事件日志中去）
下面的粗体部分是我添加的，意思是说将所有事件都发送到一个数据库中去。
<healthMonitoring> <bufferModes> <add name="Critical Notification" maxBufferSize="100" maxFlushSize="20" urgentFlushThreshold="1" regularFlushInterval="Infinite" urgentFlushInterval="00:01:00" maxBufferThreads="1"/> <add name="Notification" maxBufferSize="300" maxFlushSize="20" urgentFlushThreshold="1" regularFlushInterval="Infinite" urgentFlushInterval="00:01:00" maxBufferThreads="1"/> <add name="Analysis" maxBufferSize="1000" maxFlushSize="100" urgentFlushThreshold="100" regularFlushInterval="00:05:00" urgentFlushInterval="00:01:00" maxBufferThreads="1"/> <add name="Logging" maxBufferSize="1000" maxFlushSize="200" urgentFlushThreshold="800" regularFlushInterval="00:30:00" urgentFlushInterval="00:05:00" maxBufferThreads="1"/> </bufferModes> <providers> <add name="EventLogProvider" type="System.Web.Management.EventLogWebEventProvider,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/> <add connectionStringName="LocalSqlServer" maxEventDetailsLength="1073741823" buffer="false" bufferMode="Notification" name="SqlWebEventProvider" type="System.Web.Management.SqlWebEventProvider,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/> <add name="WmiWebEventProvider" type="System.Web.Management.WmiWebEventProvider,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/> </providers> <profiles> <add name="Default" minInstances="1" maxLimit="Infinite" minInterval="00:01:00" custom=""/> <add name="Critical" minInstances="1" maxLimit="Infinite" minInterval="00:00:00" custom=""/> </profiles> <rules> <add name="All Errors Default" eventName="All Errors" provider="EventLogProvider" profile="Default" minInstances="1" maxLimit="Infinite" minInterval="00:01:00" custom=""/> <add name="Failure Audits Default" eventName="Failure Audits" provider="EventLogProvider" profile="Default" minInstances="1" maxLimit="Infinite" minInterval="00:01:00" custom=""/> <add name="All Events" eventName="All Events" provider="SqlWebEventProvider" profile="Default" minInstances="1" maxLimit="Infinite" minInterval="00:01:00" custom=""/> </rules> <eventMappings> <add name="All Events" type="System.Web.Management.WebBaseEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="Heartbeats" type="System.Web.Management.WebHeartbeatEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="Application Lifetime Events" type="System.Web.Management.WebApplicationLifetimeEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="Request Processing Events" type="System.Web.Management.WebRequestEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="All Errors" type="System.Web.Management.WebBaseErrorEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="Infrastructure Errors" type="System.Web.Management.WebErrorEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="Request Processing Errors" type="System.Web.Management.WebRequestErrorEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="All Audits" type="System.Web.Management.WebAuditEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="Failure Audits" type="System.Web.Management.WebFailureAuditEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> <add name="Success Audits" type="System.Web.Management.WebSuccessAuditEvent,System.Web,Version=2.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" startEventCode="0" endEventCode="2147483647"/> </eventMappings> </healthMonitoring>
这个数据库其实是与membership等服务公用的，如下图所示
看到这里，有的朋友可能要问，那么这些事件能不能添加呢？答案是肯定的，下面有一个简单的例子。
1: using System;
2: using System.Web;
3: using System.Web.Management;
4: using System.Web.UI;
5: using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
6: 7: 8: namespace Samples.AspNet.Management
9: { 10: 11: public class CustomWebEvents : Page, IHttpModule
12: { 13: 14: public override void Dispose()
15: { 16: } 17: 18: // Add event handlers to the HttpApplication.
19: public new void Init(HttpApplication httpApp)
20: { 21: httpApp.BeginRequest +=22: new EventHandler(OnBeginRequest);
23: 24: httpApp.EndRequest +=25: new EventHandler(OnEndRequest);
26: 27: } 28: 29: // Issues a custom begin request event.
30: public void OnBeginRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
31: { 32: 33: HttpApplication httpApp = sender as HttpApplication;
34: 35: try
36: {37: // Make sure to be outside the forbidden range.
38: System.Int32 myCode = WebEventCodes.WebExtendedBase + 30; 39: SampleWebRequestEvent swre =40: new SampleWebRequestEvent(
41: "SampleWebRequestEvent Start", this, myCode);
42: // Raise the event.
43: swre.Raise(); 44: }45: catch (Exception ex)
46: { 47: httpApp.Context.Response.Output.WriteLine( 48: ex.ToString()); 49: } 50: 51: } 52: 53: // Issues a custom end request event.
54: public void OnEndRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e)
55: {56: HttpApplication httpApp = sender as HttpApplication;
57: 58: try
59: {60: // Make sure to be outside the forbidden range.
61: System.Int32 myCode = WebEventCodes.WebExtendedBase + 40; 62: SampleWebRequestEvent swre =63: new SampleWebRequestEvent(
64: "SampleWebRequestEvent End", this, myCode);
65: // Raise the event.
66: swre.Raise(); 67: }68: catch (Exception ex)
69: { 70: httpApp.Context.Response.Output.WriteLine( 71: ex.ToString()); 72: } 73: 74: } 75: }76: public class SampleWebRequestEvent : System.Web.Management.WebRequestEvent
77: {78: private string customCreatedMsg;
79: private string customRaisedMsg;
80: 81: // Invoked in case of events identified only by their event code.
82: public SampleWebRequestEvent(
83: string msg,
84: object eventSource,
85: int eventCode)
86: :87: base(msg, eventSource, eventCode)
88: {89: // Perform custom initialization.
90: customCreatedMsg = string.Format("Event created at: {0}",
91: EventTime.ToString()); 92: } 93: 94: // Invoked in case of events identified by their event code and
95: // related event detailed code.
96: public SampleWebRequestEvent(
97: string msg,
98: object eventSource,
99: int eventCode,
100: int eventDetailCode)
101: :102: base(msg, eventSource, eventCode, eventDetailCode)
103: {104: // Perform custom initialization.
105: customCreatedMsg = string.Format("Event created at: {0}",
106: EventTime.ToString()); 107: 108: } 109: 110: // Raises the SampleWebRequestEvent.
111: public override void Raise()
112: {113: // Perform custom processing.
114: customRaisedMsg = string.Format("Event raised at: {0}",
115: EventTime.ToString()); 116: 117: // Raise the event.
118: base.Raise();
119: } 120: 121: //Formats Web request event information.
122: public override void FormatCustomEventDetails(
123: WebEventFormatter formatter) 124: {125: // Add custom data.
126: formatter.AppendLine("");
127: 128: formatter.IndentationLevel += 1;129: formatter.AppendLine("* Custom Request Information Start *");
130: 131: // Display custom event timing.
132: formatter.AppendLine(customCreatedMsg); 133: formatter.AppendLine(customRaisedMsg); 134: 135: formatter.AppendLine("* Custom Request Information End *");
136: 137: formatter.IndentationLevel -= 1; 138: } 139: } 140: }从上面的代码可以看出，要实现一个自定义的事件，只要继承System.Web.Management命名空间下面的某个Event类型即可。
然后在web.config中进行注册
<httpModules> <add name="Raising Custom Web Events" type="Samples.AspNet.Management.CustomWebEvents" /> </httpModules> <healthMonitoring heartbeatInterval="0" enabled="true"> <eventMappings> <add name="SampleWebRequestEvent" type="Samples.AspNet.Management.SampleWebRequestEvent" /> </eventMappings> <profiles> <add name="Custom" minInstances="1" maxLimit="Infinite" minInterval="00:00:00" /> </profiles> <rules> <clear /> <add name="Custom Web Request Event" eventName="SampleWebRequestEvent" provider="EventLogProvider" profile="Custom" /> </rules> </healthMonitoring>
而要引发该事件，则大致使用下面的代码即可
1: // Make sure to be outside the forbidden range.
2: System.Int32 myCode = WebEventCodes.WebExtendedBase + 30; 3: SampleWebRequestEvent swre =4: new SampleWebRequestEvent(
5: "SampleWebRequestEvent Start", this, myCode);
6: // Raise the event.
7: swre.Raise();
