linux基本命令练习
1、 请用命令查出ifconfig命令程序的绝对路径
[root@localhost chen]# which ifconfig
/usr/sbin/ifconfig
2、请用命令展示以下命令哪些是内部命令，哪些是外部命令?(cd \ pwd \ ls \ ifconfig \ du)
[root@localhost chen]# type cd
cd 是 shell 内嵌（由此可见该命令cd为内部命令）
[root@localhost chen]# type pwd
pwd 是 shell 内嵌（由此可见该命令shell为内部命令）
[root@localhost chen]# type ls
ls 是 `ls --color=auto' 的别名（由此可见该命令ls为外部命令）
[root@localhost chen]# type ifconfig
ifconfig 是 /usr/sbin/ifconfig（由此可见该命令ifconfig为外部命令）
[root@localhost chen]# type du
du 是 /usr/bin/du（由此可见该命令du为外部命令）
3．请在/下创建目录abc
[root@localhost chen]# mkdir /abc
[root@localhost chen]# ls /
101 bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
abc boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
请在/下创建目录/liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang/duanpeng
[root@localhost chen]# mkdir -pv /liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang/duanpeng
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/liangjian"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/liangjian/liyunlong"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang/duanpeng"
[root@localhost chen]# ls -Rh /liangjian
/liangjian:
liyunlong
/liangjian/liyunlong:
weiheshang
/liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang:
duanpeng
/liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang/duanpeng:
请在/abc下一次创建1000个目录，名字自己拟定。
[root@localhost chen]# mkdir -p /abc/a{1..1000}
[root@localhost chen]# ls /abc
a1 a168 a237 a306 a376 a445 a514 a584 a653 a722 a792 a861 a930
a10 a100 a17 a239 a308 a378 a447 a516 a586 a655 a724 a794 a1000 a170 a24 a309 a379 a448 a517 a587 a656 a725 a795 a864
…… a166 a235 a304 a374 a443 a512 a582 a651 a720 a790 a86 a929 a999
a167 a236 a305 a375 a444 a513 a583 a652 a721 a791 a860 a93
4、请用绝对路径方式切换到/liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang/duanpeng 目录下
并用pwd查看当前的路径，请用上级目录名".."方式切换到 /liangjian/liyunlong下
[root@localhost duanpeng]# cd /liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang/duanpeng
[root@localhost duanpeng]# pwd
/liangjian/liyunlong/weiheshang/duanpeng
[root@localhost duanpeng]# cd ../../
[root@localhost liyunlong]# pwd
/liangjian/liyunlong
5、请一次删除/abc下一次创建的1000个目录，请在/abc下用touch再创建20个以stu开头的普通可读文档，文档后缀为.txt
[root@localhost liyunlong]# rm -rf /abc/a*
[root@localhost liyunlong]# touch /abc/stu{1..20}.txt
[root@localhost liyunlong]# ls /abc/
stu10.txt stu13.txt stu16.txt stu19.txt stu2.txt stu5.txt stu8.txt
stu11.txt stu14.txt stu17.txt stu1.txt stu3.txt stu6.txt stu9.txt
stu12.txt stu15.txt stu18.txt stu20.txt stu4.txt stu7.txt
6、请用cp命令将/boot/目录下以vmlinuz开头的文件拷贝到/abc下，并以查看他们占磁盘的空间大小。
[root@localhost ~]# ls /boot/
config-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
efi
grub
grub2
initramfs-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211.img
initramfs-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.img
symvers-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64.gz
System.map-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211
vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cp /boot/vmlinuz* /abc
[root@localhost ~]# ls /abc
stu10.txt stu16.txt stu2.txt stu8.txt
stu11.txt stu17.txt stu3.txt stu9.txt
stu12.txt stu18.txt stu4.txt vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211
stu13.txt stu19.txt stu5.txt vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
stu14.txt stu1.txt stu6.txt
stu15.txt stu20.txt stu7.txt
[root@localhost ~]# du -ah /abc/
0 /abc/stu1.txt
0 /abc/stu2.txt
0 /abc/stu3.txt
0 /abc/stu4.txt
0 /abc/stu5.txt
0 /abc/stu6.txt
0 /abc/stu7.txt
0 /abc/stu8.txt
0 /abc/stu9.txt
0 /abc/stu10.txt
0 /abc/stu11.txt
0 /abc/stu12.txt
0 /abc/stu13.txt
0 /abc/stu14.txt
0 /abc/stu15.txt
0 /abc/stu16.txt
0 /abc/stu17.txt
0 /abc/stu18.txt
0 /abc/stu19.txt
0 /abc/stu20.txt
6.0M /abc/vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211
6.0M /abc/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
12M /abc/
7、将其中一个vmlinuz开头的文件改名为kgc，另外一个剪切到/tmp目录下。
[root@localhost abc]# ls
stu10.txt stu16.txt stu2.txt stu8.txt
stu11.txt stu17.txt stu3.txt stu9.txt
stu12.txt stu18.txt stu4.txt vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211
stu13.txt stu19.txt stu5.txt vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
stu14.txt stu1.txt stu6.txt
stu15.txt stu20.txt stu7.txt
[root@localhost abc]# mv vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 kgc
[root@localhost abc]# ls
kgc stu15.txt stu20.txt stu7.txt
stu10.txt stu16.txt stu2.txt stu8.txt
stu11.txt stu17.txt stu3.txt stu9.txt
stu12.txt stu18.txt stu4.txt vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211
stu13.txt stu19.txt stu5.txt
stu14.txt stu1.txt stu6.txt
[root@localhost abc]# mv vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211 /tmp/
[root@localhost abc]# ls /tmp/
…
vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211
8、查看/tmp/目录下以vmlinuz开头文件的详细状态信息。
[root@localhost abc]# stat /tmp/vmlinuz*
文件："/tmp/vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211"
大小：6224704 块：12160 IO 块：4096 普通文件
设备：fd00h/64768d Inode：102882318 硬链接：1
权限：(0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid：( 0/ root) Gid：( 0/ root)
最近访问：2019-07-23 20:01:47.568656306 +0800
最近更改：2019-07-23 20:01:48.051660464 +0800
最近改动：2019-07-23 20:11:48.088912567 +0800
创建时间：-
9、用find命令查找/tmp目录下以vmlinuz开头及大小超过1M的文件
[root@localhost abc]# find /tmp -name "vmlinuz*" -a -size +1M
/tmp/vmlinuz-0-rescue-a98e3946315a4366a69c9cccd8aca211
