使用IDEA结合MAVEN创建一个Spring Java Web项目

  • 前言

 

 

    如今的Java项目,如果还使用传统的把jar包复制到目录下这种原始的方式,对于依赖管理来说实在是灾难。对某个功能需要引入某种技术包,但是你不确定是否已存在,如果分类好的话还好找,若是杂在一堆不仅头大,还身心俱疲。Maven旨在解决依赖问题,让项目结构变得精简,而Spring解决了项目中Bean的管理以及各种配置文件配置的功能轻松读入等问题,对于Java项目来说确实是福音。对于一个Web项目来说,必然需要数据库的读写,JdbcTemplate是一个Spring实现的Jdbc Support。对于之前必然依赖ORM的项目来说,这个组件表现得十分的轻便以及可伸缩,不需要写Mapping就使用HashMap的可伸缩性,实在是小型团队以及敏捷公司的良伴。加之报错栈十分的简单,一个数据库过程就只会在Dao里写一个sql和加载参数,最后执行,如果出错就只有在sql和参数中排查即可,比起之前在Mybatis里各种翻配置文件的时期,简直就是天堂地狱。

 

    好了,说了这么多优劣,今天来写写要做笔记的项目。Java Web项目 + Maven项目依赖 + Spring + Spring MVC + JdbcTemplate + dbcp2连接池。其实中间三项都是Spring里面含有的。

  • 开始

    下载一个IDEAIDE,这个IDE比之于Eclipse,一开始会有些不习惯,但是用了一段时间之后就觉得它的各种细节处理很受好评,特别是对Maven项目的支持。

    然后新建一个Maven Java 项目,选择Web模板。虽然IDE版本不一样,但是模板之类还有新建模板的步骤都是没怎么变化的。

     选择创建按照Web模板,和JDK版本。

     这个group id 的官方解释是组织id,我的理解是比如一个项目的组织为taobao,jd这样子,算是项目组的最高id。artifact id官方解释是项目唯一标识,算是在组织之下的唯一项目标志,创建项目之后会发现项目名称是这个artifact id。

     之后的一步是选择maven版本,maven仓库之类的,自行斟酌。

    在我的环境里,创建完项目之后,结构并不是我想象的那样,查了资料,加上等待maven加载之后,项目的结构变成了我熟悉的那种结构,就是少了java文件夹。创建项目之后,maven会一直下载jar包,等它加载完成才会变成熟悉的maven结构。

    这里在配置的时候注意,classpath是java目录下,如果在src/main下面如果没有java可以自己建一个(我就是没有这个文件夹)。

    接下来,项目加载完成了,需要导入依赖包了,编辑pom.xml文件。(在这里保存我本地项目的配置)

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>TestProject</groupId>
  <artifactId>test1</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>test1 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <!-- spring版本号 -->
    <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <!-- mybatis版本号 -->
    <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
    <!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
    <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <!-- jackson包版本 -->
    <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--单元测试依赖 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <!-- 表示开发的时候引入,发布的时候不会加载此包 -->
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring单元测试依赖 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- springMVC核心包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- spring核心包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- AOP begin -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- AOP end -->
    <!-- Mysql数据库驱动包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.34</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- log start -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- log end -->
    <!--servlet-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 映入JSON -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.13</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.13</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
      <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
      <version>2.1</version>
      <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>test1</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.6</source>
          <target>1.6</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>

    <!-- 解决Maven项目编译后classes文件中没有.xml问题 -->
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  </build>
</project>

    待加载完成后,配置web.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>/index.html</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <display-name>test1</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:resources/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <!-- 拦截设置 -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do,对应struts的后缀习惯 -->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


  <!--把applicationContext.xml加入到配置文件中-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:resources/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!--spring启动监听器-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <!--日志配置-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:resources/log4j.properties</param-value>
  </context-param>
</web-app>

    需要配置文件:spring bean配置文件,spring mvc配置文件,jdbc.properties,log4j配置文件。统一写在resource下。

    此时路径是 classpath:resource/*.xml。

    其他几份配置文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd">
    <!-- 进行主数据库的事务配置,采用默认策略 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
    <!-- 引入jdbc配置文件 -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:resources/jdbc.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置数据源 使用dbcp连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method="close">
        <property name="url">
            <value>${jdbc.url}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="username">
            <value>${jdbc.username}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="password">
            <value>${jdbc.password}</value>
        </property>
        <!--initialSize: 初始化连接-->
        <property name="initialSize" value="25"/>
        <property name="maxTotal" value="20"/>
        <property name="maxIdle" value="5"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref ="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--Dao Config-->
    <bean id="demoDao" class="Dao.DemoDao">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref ="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

    <description>Spring MVC Configuration</description>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller"/>

    <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

    <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="" />
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value="" />
    </bean>
</beans>
### \u8BBE\u7F6E###
log4j.rootLogger=D,E,CONSOLE
###set spring not output under error rank
log4j.logger.org.springframework=ERROR
###Console print
log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n

log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File = ${catalina.base}/InvoiceLogs/error.log
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR 
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] -[ %l ] %m%n
jdbc.driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Test?useUnicode=true&amp&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username = 账号
jdbc.password = 密码

  配置完成之后写个demo然后看看运行正常么。

package controller;

import Dao.DemoDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by MacBook on 2017/11/5.
 */
@RequestMapping("/first")
@Controller
public class FirstController {
    @Autowired
    private DemoDao demoDao;

    @RequestMapping(value="/sayHello",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public @ResponseBody String sayHello(){
        return "hello";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value="/testDao",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public @ResponseBody String testDao(){
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        List<Map<String,Object>> arr = demoDao.getAddressAll();
        if(arr != null){
            for(Map<String,Object> map : arr){
                sb.append("id :"+map.get("id").toString()).append("\t");
                sb.append("address :"+map.get("address").toString()).append("\t");
                sb.append("remart :"+map.get("remark").toString()).append("\t");
                sb.append("\r\n");
            }
        }else {
            sb.append("no data");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}
package Dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Created by MacBook on 2017/11/5.
 */
public class DemoDao {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    //测试获取address信息
    public List<Map<String,Object>> getAddressAll(){
        String sql = "select * from address";
        try{
            return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
        return jdbcTemplate;
    }

    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }
}

    测试运行正常,到此笔记结束。

    对jdbcTemplate的泛型数据处理那是服服帖帖的,数据库返回的数据,要不就是一列要不就是多列要不就是没有。List<Map<String,Object>>为多列数据,Map<String,Object>为一列数据,没有会抛异常。有点近乎于nosql的领域,需要什么拿什么这种感觉。舍弃了繁重的数据封装model层。

  •  结尾

    本来新建项目是件很简单的事情,但是上周弄了快一个下午,所以特此记录一下。

 

posted @ 2017-11-12 15:04  天目山电鳗  阅读(7155)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报