Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版

在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。
　　根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。
　　而这台 Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。
　　在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明）：
　　
　　我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高：
　　
　　2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时（http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml），大量玩家上官网，论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群，每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万，这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最高并发值。
　　

　　下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器，一台为Nginx，另一台为Apache，Nginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多，Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache：
　　你可以将连接数开到10000～30000，去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php，则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器，即使再优化，Apache也很难在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的压力情况下正常访问，而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。
　　webbench 下载地址：http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
　　注意：webbench 做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。
　　测试结果：##### Nginx + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5 Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php 100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec. Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13 up 27 days, 2:25, 2 users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51 Tasks: 287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.8% si Mem: 6230016k total, 2959468k used, 3270548k free, 635992k buffers Swap: 2031608k total, 3696k used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached

　　测试结果：##### Apache + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5 Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php 100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec. Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20 up 27 days, 2:13, 2 users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42 Tasks: 318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9% id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9% si Mem: 6230016k total, 3075948k used, 3154068k free, 379896k buffers Swap: 2031608k total, 12592k used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached

　　为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。
　　处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：
　　假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。

　　安装步骤：　　（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）　　一、获取相关开源程序：　　1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：

sudo -s LANG=C yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

　　2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：　　①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4 　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/ 　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
　　②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5 　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/ 　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
　　③、RPM包搜索网站　　http://rpm.pbone.net/ 　　http://www.rpmfind.net/
　　④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：　　Ⅰ、i386 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

　　Ⅱ、x86_64 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

　　3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：　　本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年07月26日的最新稳定版。　　①、从软件的官方网站下载：

mkdir -p /data0/software cd /data0/software wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0" wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0" wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0" wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz

　　②、从blog.s135.com下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：

　　二、安装PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）　　1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.13.1/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd http://www.cnblogs.com/
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../

　　2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg make && make install chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql cd ../

　　附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
　　①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/ mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/ mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/ chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

　　②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql

　　③、创建my.cnf配置文件：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

　　输入以下内容：

引用

[client] character-set-server = utf8 port    = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld] character-set-server = utf8 replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = information_schema user    = mysql port    = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid open_files_limit    = 10240 back_log = 600 max_connections = 5000 max_connect_errors = 6000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 300 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 512M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine = MyISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 246M max_heap_table_size = 246M long_query_time = 3 log-slave-updates log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_size = 1G relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 30 key_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve #master-connect-retry = 10 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host     =   192.168.1.2 #master-user     =   username #master-password =   password #master-port     = 3306
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0
#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log #long_query_time = 10
[mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M

　　④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

　　输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：

#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306 mysql_username="admin" mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql() {     printf "Starting MySQL...\n"     /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & }
function_stop_mysql() {     printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"     /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown }
function_restart_mysql() {     printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"     function_stop_mysql     sleep 5     function_start_mysql }
function_kill_mysql() {     kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')     kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}') }
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then     function_start_mysql elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then     function_stop_mysql elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then function_restart_mysql elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then function_kill_mysql else     printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n" fi

　　⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

　　⑥、启动MySQL：

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

　　⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

　　⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

　　⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop

　　3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1 cd php-5.2.14/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini cd ../

　　4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz cd memcache-2.2.5/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql make make install cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/ ./configure make make install cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz cd imagick-2.3.0/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../

　　5、修改php.ini文件　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./" 　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/" 　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：　　extension = "memcache.so" 　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so" 　　extension = "imagick.so"
　　再查找output_buffering = Off 　　修改为output_buffering = On
　　再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0 　　修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
　　自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

　　6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

　　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

引用

[eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="64" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

　　7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

　　8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：　　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

　　输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

<?xml version="1.0" ?> <configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
    Pid file     <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
    Error log file     <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
    Log level     <value name="log_level">notice</value>
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...     <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.     Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.     <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master     <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm     <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
    <section name="pool">
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.       <value name="name">default</value>
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.       Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'       <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
      <value name="listen_options">
        Set listen(2) backlog         <value name="backlog">-1</value>
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.         In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.         Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.         <value name="owner"></value>         <value name="group"></value>         <value name="mode">0666</value>       </value>
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.       <value name="php_defines">         <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>         <value name="display_errors">0</value>       </value>
      Unix user of processes       <value name="user">www</value>
      Unix group of processes       <value name="group">www</value>
      Process manager settings       <value name="pm">
        Sets style of controling worker process count.         Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'         <value name="style">static</value>
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.         Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.         Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi         Used with any pm_style.         <value name="max_children">128</value>
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style         <value name="apache_like">
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected           <value name="StartServers">20</value>
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected           <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected           <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
        </value>
      </value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated       Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason       '0s' means 'off'       <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file       '0s' means 'off'       <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
      The log file for slow requests       <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
      Set open file desc rlimit       <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
      Set max core size rlimit       <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path       <value name="chroot"></value>
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path       <value name="chdir"></value>
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.       If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs       <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.       Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.       For endless request processing please specify 0       Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS       <value name="max_requests">1024</value>
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.       Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)       Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.       <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH       All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment       <value name="environment">         <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>         <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>         <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>         <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>         <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>         <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>         <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>         <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>       </value>
    </section>
</workers>
</configuration>

　　9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

　　三、安装Nginx 0.8.46　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz cd pcre-8.10/ ./configure make && make install cd ../

　　2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz cd nginx-0.8.46/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module make && make install cd ../

　　3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs chmod +w /data1/logs chown -R www:www /data1/logs

　　4、创建Nginx配置文件　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

　　输入以下内容：

引用

user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; }
http { include       mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;       server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m;       sendfile on; tcp_nopush     on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers     4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server {     listen       80;     server_name blog.s135.com;     index index.html index.htm index.php;     root /data0/htdocs/blog;
    #limit_conn   crawler 20;                                     location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$     {            #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;       fastcgi_index index.php;       include fcgi.conf;     }         location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$     {       expires      30d;     }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$     {       expires      1h;     }
    log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';     access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;       }
server {     listen       80;     server_name www.s135.com;     index index.html index.htm index.php;     root /data0/htdocs/www;
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$     {            #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;       fastcgi_index index.php;       include fcgi.conf;     }
    log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '                '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '                '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';     access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs; }
server {     listen 80;     server_name status.blog.s135.com;
    location / {     stub_status on;     access_log   off;     } } }

　　②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

　　输入以下内容：

引用

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING       $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI        $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT        $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

　　5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

　　四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

　　五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

# Add net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

　　使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

　　六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置　　1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok 　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
　　2、平滑重启：　　①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

　　②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

　　屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：　　6302　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　输入以下内容：

引用

#!/bin/bash # This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/ mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

　　输入以下内容：

引用

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：　　http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/

posted @ 2012-10-24 11:21 F.W.C 阅读(208) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

HELLO WORLD

Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版

公告