多线程基础(一)

最近读了高洪岩老师的《Java多线程编程核心技术》一书,打算记录下多线程的基础知识点,也算对本书的一个读后感了。目前打算分四五篇博文进行记录。

第一篇主要是记录线程的概念,创建,常用的基础方法等。

1. 什么是线程?

通常我们所说线程是进程的最小单位。那么问题来了,什么是进程呢?进程就是操作系统结构的基础;是一次程序的执行;等等,他是系统进行资源分配和调度的一个独立单位。

2. 创建线程的4种方式

1、继承Thread类  2、实现Runnable接口  3、实现Callable接口重写call()方法(注:需要搭配Future)   4、使用线程池(例:Executor框架)

3. 下面讲解线程中的各方法使用

3.1  currentThread()方法

作用:返回代码段正在被哪个线程调用的信息。

示例

public class CreateThreandA implements Callable {
    @Override
    public Object call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("run方法:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
        return "ok";
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA();
        FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(threandA);
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
        executorService.submit(futureTask);
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("mian方法:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}
//执行结果
mian方法:main
run方法:pool-1-thread-1

3.2  isAlive()方法

作用:判断当前线程是否处于活动状态(true活动状态、false线程终止)

示例: 

public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("begain···");
        System.out.println("threandA="+this.isAlive());
        System.out.println("end···");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA();
        threandA.start();
        threandA.join();
        System.out.println("threandA="+threandA.isAlive());
    }
}
//执行结果
begain···
threandA=true
end···
threandA=false

3.3  sleep()方法   

作用:在指定的毫秒数内让当前正在运行的线程休眠(注:不会释放锁)  

示例:

public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CreateThreandA.class);
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("begain···"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("休眠中···");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("end···"+System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA();
        threandA.start();
    }
}
//执行结果(相差2秒)
begain···1541213244502
休眠中···
end···1541213246504

3.4  getId()方法

作用:获取线程的唯一标识  

示例:

public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CreateThreandA.class);
    @Override
    public void run() {
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA();
        threandA.start();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--标识="+Thread.currentThread().getId());
        System.out.println(threandA.getName()+"--标识="+threandA.getId());
    }
}
//执行结果
main--标识=1
Thread-0--标识=11

3.5  interrupted()

作用:测试当前线程是否已经中断(具有清除状态的功能)

public class CreateThreandA {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        System.out.println(Thread.interrupted());
        System.out.println(Thread.interrupted());//清除了true的状态
    }
}
//执行结果
true
false 

3.6  isInterrupted()

作用:测试线程是否已经中断(不会清楚状态)  

public class CreateThreandA {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());
    }
}
//执行结果
false
true
true

3.7  stop()

作用:暴力停止线程(已经废弃,不推荐使用、所以我也不做示例了)

3.8  suspend()和resume()

作用:suspend()暂停线程;resume()恢复线程  (注:这两种也已废弃,不做示例演示)

3.9  yield() 

作用:放弃当前CPU资源,将它让给其他任务去占用CPU执行时间

public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    private int count = 0;
    public void run(){
        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i=0;i<50000000;i++){
            Thread.yield();
            count+=i;
        }
        long time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("耗时:"+(time2-time1));
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA();
        threandA.start();
    }
}

3.10  setPriority()

作用:设置线程的优先级(注:优先级只能是1~10、否则会报错,线程的优先级仍然无法保障线程的执行次序。只不过,优先级高的线程获取CPU资源的概率较大,优先级低的并非没机会执行。

public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    CreateThreandA(String name){
        super(name);
    }
    public void run(){
        System.out.println(this.getName());
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA("A");
        CreateThreandA threandB = new CreateThreandA("B");
        CreateThreandA threandC = new CreateThreandA("C");
        CreateThreandA threandD = new CreateThreandA("D");
        threandA.setPriority(1);
        threandB.setPriority(2);
        threandC.setPriority(3);
        threandD.setPriority(10);
        threandA.start();
        threandB.start();
        threandC.start();
        threandD.start();
    }
}

3.11  wait()

作用:线程等待(释放锁)

public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    private Object lock;
    CreateThreandA(String name,Object lock){
        super(name);
        this.lock=lock;
    }
    public void run(){
        try {
            synchronized (lock){
                System.out.println("上锁");
                lock.wait();
                System.out.println("开锁");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Object lock = new Object();
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA("A",lock);
        CreateThreandA threandB = new CreateThreandA("B",lock);
        threandA.start();
        threandB.start();
    }
}
//执行结果
上锁
上锁

3.12  notify()、notifyAll()

作用:释放锁(notify随机释放一个锁、notifyAll释放全部锁)

开锁
public class CreateThreandB extends Thread {
    private Object lock;
    CreateThreandB(String name, Object lock){
        super(name);
        this.lock=lock;
    }
    public void run(){
        try {
            synchronized (lock){
                lock.notify();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

上锁
public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    private Object lock;
    CreateThreandA(String name,Object lock){
        super(name);
        this.lock=lock;
    }
    public void run(){
        try {
            synchronized (lock){
                System.out.println("上锁");
                lock.wait();
                System.out.println("开锁");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Object lock = new Object();
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA("A",lock);
        CreateThreandA threandB = new CreateThreandA("B",lock);
        CreateThreandB threand = new CreateThreandB("C",lock);
        threandA.start();
        threandB.start();
        threand.start();
    }
}
//执行结果(印证随机开一个锁)
上锁
开锁
上锁

notifyAll开全部锁
修改开锁类
lock.notifyAll();
//执行结果
上锁
上锁
开锁
开锁

3.13  join()

 作用:等待线程对象销毁(如果子线程需要较长时间执行,主线程往往会提前执行完毕,如果想等待子线程时可以采用join)

package com.chenpt.thread;


import org.omg.Messaging.SYNC_WITH_TRANSPORT;

/**
 * @Author: chen
 * @Description:
 * @Date: created in 2018/11/3
 * @Modified By:
 */
public class CreateThreandA extends Thread {
    private Object lock;
    CreateThreandA(String name,Object lock){
        super(name);
        this.lock=lock;
    }
    public void run(){
        try {
            System.out.println("休眠");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Object lock = new Object();
        CreateThreandA threandA = new CreateThreandA("A",lock);
        threandA.start();
        threandA.join();
        System.out.println("我是主线程,我应该等等子线程");
    }
}
//执行结果
休眠
我是主线程,我应该等等子线程
(如果不加join,则主线程先输出)

  

先总结这些基础方法,下面注重讲解进阶知识

 

posted @ 2018-11-03 16:03  不二尘  阅读(349)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报