【Golang】关于Golang中一些优秀的类库

一、CLI 命令（spf13/cobra）

GitHub地址：https://github.com/spf13/cobra

 

Cobra既是一个创建强大的现代CLI应用程序的库，也是一个生成应用程序和命令的程序。可以使用这个库来管理命令应用程序，执行runner应用程序，初始化配置，病启动Reast API。

基于Cobra的应用的目录结构：

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├── app │ ├── main.go │ ├── cmd │ └────── root.go │ └────── helper.go │ └────── version.go

在 app/main.go 中：

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package main   import (     "app/cmd" )   func main() {     cmd.Execute() }

在 app/cmd/root.go 中：

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package cmd   import (     "errors"     "github.com/spf13/cobra" )   var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{     Use:   "git",     Short: "Git is a distributed version control system.",     Long:  `Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.`,     Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {         Error(cmd, args, errors.New("unrecognized command"))     }, }   func Execute() {     rootCmd.Execute() }

在 app/cmd/helper.go 中：

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package cmd   import (     "fmt"     "github.com/spf13/cobra"     "os"     "os/exec" )   func ExecuteCommand(name string, subname string, args ...string) (string, error) {     args = append([]string{subname}, args...)       cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)     bytes, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()     return string(bytes), err }   func Error(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, err error) {     fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "execute %s args:%v error:%v\n", cmd.Name(), args, err)     os.Exit(1) }

在 app/cmd/version.go 中：

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package cmd   import (     "fmt"     "github.com/spf13/cobra"     "os" )   var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{     Use:   "version",     Short: "version subcommand show git version info.",       Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {         output, err := ExecuteCommand("git", "version", args...)         if err != nil {             Error(cmd, args, err)         }         fmt.Fprint(os.Stdout, output)     }, }   func init() {     rootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd) }

 

开始运行

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PS G:\go-demo\test11> go run main.go  --help          Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.   Usage:   git [flags]   git [command]   Available Commands:   completion  Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell   help        Help about any command   version     version subcommand show git version info.   Flags:   -h, --help   help for git   Use "git [command] --help" for more information about a command.

二、ORM：Gorm

GitHub地址：https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm/

推荐理由：代码优雅，场景非常丰富，满足我们的SQL场景需求，比如：

• 全功能ORM
• 关联（拥有一个、拥有多个、属于、多对多、多态、单表继承）
• Create，Save，Update，Delete，Find 中钩子方法
• 支持 Preload、Joins 的预加载
• 事务，嵌套事务，Save Point，Rollback To to Saved Point
• Context、预编译模式、DryRun 模式
• 批量插入，FindInBatches，Find/Create with Map，使用 SQL 表达式、Context Valuer 进行 CRUD
• SQL 构建器，Upsert，锁，Optimizer/Index/Comment Hint，命名参数，子查询
• 复合主键，索引，约束
• 自动迁移
• 自定义 Logger
• 灵活的可扩展插件 API：Database Resolver（多数据库，读写分离）、Prometheus…
• 每个特性都经过了测试的重重考验

三、SQL（jmoiron/sqlx）

GitHub地址：https://github.com/jmoiron/sqlx

是sqlx的一个库，在Go的标准database/sql库上提供了一组扩展。

示例：

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place := Place{}   rows, err := db.Queryx("SELECT * FROM place")   for rows.Next() {       err := rows.StructScan(&place)       if err != nil {           log.Fatalln(err)       }       fmt.Printf("%#v\n", place)   }

四、配置管理：viper

GitHub地址：https://github.com/spf13/viper

• 支持JSON/TOML/YAML/HC:/en:L/envfile/Java properties等多种格式的配置文件；
• 可以设置监听配置文件的修改，修改时自动加载新的配置；
• 从环境变量、命令行选项和io。Reader中读取配置；
• 从远程配置系统中读取和监听修改，如etcd/Consu；
• 代码逻辑中显示设置键值

五、日志管理：zap

GitHub地址：：GitHub - uber-go/zap: Blazing fast, structured, leveled logging in Go.

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logger, _ := zap.NewProduction() defer logger.Sync() // flushes buffer, if any sugar := logger.Sugar() sugar.Infow("failed to fetch URL",   // Structured context as loosely typed key-value pairs.   "url", url,   "attempt", 3,   "backoff", time.Second, ) sugar.Infof("Failed to fetch URL: %s", url)

六、消息队列 asynq

Github地址： GitHub - hibiken/asynq: Simple, reliable, and efficient distributed task queue in Go

可靠、简单、高效的分布式任务队列。

七、消息传递 NSQ

GitHub地址：https://github.com/nsqio/go-nsq

NSQ 拓扑

 

NSQ 组件：

• nsqlookupd （守护进程管理拓扑 / 路由）
• nsqd（守护进程管理接收、排队和传递消息）
• nsqadmin（nsq 的默认 Web UI）

docker-compose 示例：(nsqlookupd, nsqd, nsqadmin)

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version: '3' services: nsqlookupd: image: nsqio/nsq command: /nsqlookupd ports: - "4160:4160" - "4161:4161" nsqd: image: nsqio/nsq command: /nsqd --lookupd-tcp-address=nsqlookupd:4160 depends_on: - nsqlookupd ports: - "4150:4150" - "4151:4151" nsqadmin: image: nsqio/nsq command: /nsqadmin --lookupd-http-address=nsqlookupd:4161 depends_on: - nsqlookupd ports: - "4171:4171"

执行：

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运行 docker： $ docker-compose up -d 或者，如果使用名称 (docker-compose-nsq.yml)： $ docker-compose -f docker-compose-nsq.yml up -d 检查容器 docker： $ docker-compose ps 查看日志： $ docker-compose logs 检查 nsq Web UI（假设端口为 32770）： $ curl http://127.0.0.1:32770/ping

目录结构：

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├── consume │   └── consume.go └── publish     └── publish.go

consume.go：

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package main import (     "github.com/nsqio/go-nsq"     "log"     "sync" )   func main() {     wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}     wg.Add(1)     decodeConfig := nsq.NewConfig()     c, err := nsq.NewConsumer("My_NSQ_Topic", "My_NSQ_Channel", decodeConfig)     if err != nil {         log.Panic("Could not create consumer")     }     c.AddHandler(nsq.HandlerFunc(func(message *nsq.Message) error {         log.Println("NSQ message received:")         log.Println(string(message.Body))         return nil     }))     err = c.ConnectToNSQD("127.0.0.1:4150")     if err != nil {         log.Panic("Could not connect")     }     log.Println("Awaiting messages from NSQ topic \"My NSQ Topic\"...")     wg.Wait() }

运行 consume.go：

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1	$ go run consume/consume.go

publish.go：

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package main import (     "log"     "github.com/nsqio/go-nsq" ) func main() {     config := nsq.NewConfig()     p, err := nsq.NewProducer("127.0.0.1:4150", config)     if err != nil {         log.Panic(err)     }     err = p.Publish("My_NSQ_Topic", []byte("sample NSQ message"))     if err != nil {         log.Panic(err)     } }

运行 publish.go：

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1	$ go run publish/publish.go

八、JSON校验库

• golang json 校验库

GitHub地址：https://github.com/go-playground/validator

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package main   import (     "fmt"       "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" )   // User contains user information type User struct {     FirstName      string     `validate:"required"`     LastName       string     `validate:"required"`     Age            uint8      `validate:"gte=0,lte=130"`     Email          string     `validate:"required,email"`     FavouriteColor string     `validate:"iscolor"`                // alias for 'hexcolor|rgb|rgba|hsl|hsla'     Addresses      []*Address `validate:"required,dive,required"` // a person can have a home and cottage... }   // Address houses a users address information type Address struct {     Street string `validate:"required"`     City   string `validate:"required"`     Planet string `validate:"required"`     Phone  string `validate:"required"` }   // use a single instance of Validate, it caches struct info var validate *validator.Validate   func main() {       validate = validator.New()       validateStruct()     validateVariable() }   func validateStruct() {       address := &Address{         Street: "Eavesdown Docks",         Planet: "Persphone",         Phone:  "none",     }       user := &User{         FirstName:      "Badger",         LastName:       "Smith",         Age:            135,         Email:          "Badger.Smith@gmail.com",         FavouriteColor: "#000-",         Addresses:      []*Address{address},     }       // returns nil or ValidationErrors ( []FieldError )     err := validate.Struct(user)     if err != nil {           // this check is only needed when your code could produce         // an invalid value for validation such as interface with nil         // value most including myself do not usually have code like this.         if _, ok := err.(*validator.InvalidValidationError); ok {             fmt.Println(err)             return         }           for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) {               fmt.Println(err.Namespace())             fmt.Println(err.Field())             fmt.Println(err.StructNamespace())             fmt.Println(err.StructField())             fmt.Println(err.Tag())             fmt.Println(err.ActualTag())             fmt.Println(err.Kind())             fmt.Println(err.Type())             fmt.Println(err.Value())             fmt.Println(err.Param())             fmt.Println()         }           // from here you can create your own error messages in whatever language you wish         return     }       // save user to database }   func validateVariable() {       myEmail := "joeybloggs.gmail.com"       errs := validate.Var(myEmail, "required,email")       if errs != nil {         fmt.Println(errs) // output: Key: "" Error:Field validation for "" failed on the "email" tag         return     }       // email ok, move on }

九、map to structure

• golang map to structure 的库

GitHub地址：https://github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure

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package main   import (     "encoding/json"     "fmt"     "github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure" )   type Demo struct {     ID   int    `json:"id"`     Name string `json:"name"` }   func main() {     var value = make(map[string]Demo)     value["1"] = Demo{         ID:   1,         Name: "name-1",     }     valueData, err := json.Marshal(value)     if err != nil {         panic(err)     }     var newValue interface{}     if err = json.Unmarshal(valueData, &newValue); err != nil {         panic(err)     }     // 反序列化之后只能强转为map[string]interface{}     for _, v := range newValue.(map[string]interface{}) {         /*             此时可以使用mapstructure.Decode方法编码，该方法使用的是反射的机制；             也可以对v进行序列化，然后反序列化给demo变量；          */         var demo Demo         if err = mapstructure.Decode(v, &demo); err != nil {             panic(err)         }         fmt.Println(demo)     } }