json schema
一、简介
我们先看下面的json数据
{ "id": 1, "name": "g2",
"desc":"b2"
}
假设, 我们要求id为long型, id、name非空。desc可空。如何衡量json数据是有效的呢?现在流行的json schema 是用来校验json数据是否合法。
详情请移至 https://spacetelescope.github.io/understanding-json-schema/
二、keyWords介绍
1、keyWords速记表
关键词 | 注释 |
$schema |
声明当前文档是标准的 JSON Schema 文档,当然,这个关键词并不是必需的。 |
title |
题目, 不是必须的 |
description |
描述,不是必须的 |
type |
属性类型, eg : 字符、数字 |
properties |
json串出现的属性 |
patternProperties |
正则表达匹配 json串出现的属性 |
additionalProperties |
①、true : json串可以出现除schema定义之外属性 false :json串不可以出现除schema定义之外属性 ②、 "additionalProperties": { "type": "string" }
json串可以出现除schema定义之外"字符"属性 |
required |
存放必要属性列表。json串必须出现required要求的属性 |
dependencies
|
依赖出现 |
size | 属性个数 |
minimum | 给值设置的约束条件,表示可以接受的最小值。 |
exclusiveMinimum | true : 不包括最小值 |
maximum | 给值设置的约束条件,表示可以接受的最大值。 |
exclusiveMaximum | true : 不包括最大值 |
multipleOf | 如果通过这个关键字的值分割实例的结果是一个数字则表示紧靠 "multipleOf" 的数字实例是有效的。 |
2、具体使用如下
type关键字
①、type = object, properties关键字是必需的。
②、type = array, items关键字是必需的。
porperties关键字
{ "type": "object", "properties": { "number": { "type": "number" }, "name": { "type": "string" } } }
additionalProperties关键字
"additionalProperties": false :json串只能出现schema定义的属性。
"additionalProperties": { "type": "string" } :json串能出现不在schema定义范围内的属性, 但属性的类型必须为string
{ "type": "object", "properties": { "number": { "type": "number" }, "name": { "type": "string" } }, "additionalProperties": false }
required关键字
"required": ["name"] : json串必须出现name属性
{ "type": "object", "properties": { "number": { "type": "number" }, "name": { "type": "string" } }, "additionalProperties": false, "required": ["name"] }
dependencies关键字
"dependencies": {
"number": ["name"]
}
number的出现必须依赖在name的基础上, 换而言之 , number出现,则name必须出现;name的出现与number并没有毛关系
{ "type": "object", "properties": { "number": { "type": "number" }, "name": { "type": "string" } }, "additionalProperties": false, "required": ["name"], "dependencies": { "number": ["name"] } }
patternProperties关键字
"patternProperties": {
"^S_": { "type": "string" },
"^I_": { "type": "integer" }
}
以s、I开头的属性必须是String类型
{ "type": "object", "properties": { "number": { "type": "number" }, "name": { "type": "string" } }, "additionalProperties": false, "required": ["name"], "dependencies": { "number": ["name"] }, "patternProperties": { "^S_": { "type": "string" }, "^I_": { "type": "integer" } } }
enum关键字
{ "type": "string", "enum": ["red", "amber", "green"] }
anyOf关键字
anyOf: 对所有属性范畴生效。所有属性字符串长度最大不能》5
{ "anyOf": [ { "type": "string", "maxLength": 5 }, { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 } ] }
allOf关键字
allOf : type必须相同。不能即String、又number
{ "allOf": [ { "type": "string" }, { "maxLength": 5 } ] }
oneOf关键字
{ "type": "number", "oneOf": [ { "multipleOf": 5 }, { "multipleOf": 3 } ] }
not关键字
{ "not": { "type": "string" } }
$schema关键字
schema : 声明json片段是json schema模式, 并不是 普通json串, 同时也声明了json schema版本
三、拓展
1、复用
{ "type": "object", "properties": { "street_address": { "type": "string" }, "city": { "type": "string" }, "state": { "type": "string" } }, "required": ["street_address", "city", "state"] }
如果我们想复用上述的json串, 可以使用definitions关键字。json结构定义如下 :
{ "definitions": { "address": { "type": "object", "properties": { "street_address": { "type": "string" }, "city": { "type": "string" }, "state": { "type": "string" } }, "required": ["street_address", "city", "state"] } } }
如何引用 ? 可以使用$ref关键字
{ "$ref": "#/definitions/address" }
或者
{ "$ref": "definitions.json#/address" }
例子如下 :
schema定义
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "definitions": { "address": { "type": "object", "properties": { "street_address": { "type": "string" }, "city": { "type": "string" }, "state": { "type": "string" } }, "required": ["street_address", "city", "state"] } }, "type": "object", "properties": { "billing_address": { "$ref": "#/definitions/address" }, "shipping_address": { "$ref": "#/definitions/address" } } }
目标匹配json数据
{ "shipping_address": { "street_address": "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW", "city": "Washington", "state": "DC" }, "billing_address": { "street_address": "1st Street SE", "city": "Washington", "state": "DC" } }
2、延伸属性
json schema
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "definitions": { "address": { "type": "object", "properties": { "street_address": { "type": "string" }, "city": { "type": "string" }, "state": { "type": "string" } }, "required": ["street_address", "city", "state"] } }, "type": "object", "properties": { "billing_address": { "$ref": "#/definitions/address" }, "shipping_address": { "allOf": [ { "$ref": "#/definitions/address" }, { "properties": { "type": { "enum": [ "residential", "business" ] } }, "required": ["type"] } ] } } }
可匹配json
{ "shipping_address": { "street_address": "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW", "city": "Washington", "state": "DC", "type": "business" } }
四、参考文献
关键字 : https://spacetelescope.github.io/understanding-json-schema/reference/object.html
https://spacetelescope.github.io/understanding-json-schema/
例子 : http://json-schema.org/example1.html
java jar 实现 : https://github.com/daveclayton/json-schema-validator
json schema官网 : http://json-schema.org/
json生成schema工具 : http://jsonschema.net/#/