迈向angularjs2系列(7):表单

目录

 一:校验表单的使用

1.搭建脚手架

2.校验表单的使用

3.select下拉列表的用法

一: 校验表单的使用

对于CRUD型的应用,表单是必备组件。

1.搭建脚手架

git clone https://github.com/mgechev/switching-to-angular2.git  form1

npm install

npm start

app目录删掉所有内容后,新建form目录,form目录创建index.html和app.ts

index.html是默认内容。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <title><%= TITLE %></title>
  <meta name="description" content="">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
  <!-- inject:css -->
  <!-- endinject -->
</head>
<body>

  <app>Loading...</app>
  <!-- inject:js -->
  <!-- endinject -->
  <%= INIT %>
</body>
</html>

app.ts只是简单的App组件和启动函数。

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  template: `
    <div>初始状态</div>
  `
})
class App {}

bootstrap(App);

打开http://localhost:5555/dist/dev/form/,可看见预先填写的字符串。

 准备就绪

 2.校验表单的使用

分为3个部分:

第一部分:表单指令集和PROVIDERS引入,以及装饰器准备

import{FORM_DIRECTIVES,FORM_PROVIDERS} from '@angular/common';
FORM_DIRECTIVES是表单指令集,
FORM_PROVIDERS是内置的PROVIDERS数组。
组件要使用导入的内容,那么装饰器就要提供相应的属性。
@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles:[],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES],
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS]
})

第二部分:form标签使用ngForm指令

<form #f="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="login()">
    <!--名称为f的表单,可用来引用当前form-->
</form>

当angular2发现这样的form标签,而且含有ngForm指令,就会把它当做form指令来增强了。 (ngSubmit)="login()" 当然是提交咯。

第三部分:对input等进行表单校验

<form #f="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="login()">
   <input id="nameInput" type="text" required ngControl="nameInput" minlength="6" maxlength="11"/>
</form>

这里使用的ngControl指令会在表单的值发生改变时进行校验,同时为校验的不同阶段添加class类,还会扩展required属性的语义,

form不同的class类:

ng-untouched。控件还没有被访问过。

ng-touched。控件已经被访问过。

ng-pristine。控件的值没有被修改。

ng-dirty。控件的值已经被修改过。

ng-valid。控件上所绑定的所有校验器都返回了true。

ng-invalid。控件上所绑定的某个校验器返回了false。

比如

app.html:

<form #f="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="login()">

  <lable>用户名:</lable>
  <br/>
   <input id="nameInput" type="text" required ngControl="name" minlength="11" maxlength="11"/>
   <br/>
  <span>调试打印:{{f.valid}}</span>
</form>

app.ts:

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import{FORM_DIRECTIVES,FORM_PROVIDERS} from '@angular/common';
@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles: [
      `input.ng-dirty.ng-invalid{
      border:1px solid red;
      //边框
    }`
  ],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES],
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS]
})
class App {}

bootstrap(App);

由于输入不合法,会会有红色边框

3.select下拉列表的用法

我们以组件的方式来开发这个select下拉列表。

首先,组件代码都准备好。

app新建form-select目录,目录下创建app.html、app.ts、index.html。

类似

index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <title><%= TITLE %></title>
  <meta name="description" content="">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
  <!-- inject:css -->
  <!-- endinject -->
</head>
<body>

  <app>Loading...</app>
  <!-- inject:js -->
  <!-- endinject -->
  <%= INIT %>
</body>
</html>
默认首页代码

注意,里面有boostrap引入,所以可以直接的使用bootstrap的样式哦。

app.html:

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import{FORM_DIRECTIVES,FORM_PROVIDERS} from '@angular/common';
@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles: [
      `select.ng-dirty.ng-invalid{
      border:1px solid red;
    }`
//如果不合法会有红色的边框
  ],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES],
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS]
})
class App {
  youLike:string[]=[
    "艾莎","安娜","汉斯","阿伦黛尔"
  ]
  //冰雪奇缘的角色
}

bootstrap(App);

 首先使用ngFor指令把youLike数组遍历到option选项中。

<select class="form-control">
      <option *ngFor="#yL of youLike" [value]="yL">
        {{yL}}
      </option>
    </select>

然后使用ngControl指令进行校验,添加required属性、使用ngModel获得选择项。

<select class="form-control" required ngControl="youLike"[(ngModel)]="youLike">
      <option *ngFor="#yL of youLikes" [value]="yL">
        {{yL}}
      </option>
    </select>
      <span>调试:youLike选择项是{{youLike}}</span>

浏览器显示结果

二: 表单校验详解

1.自定义控件的校验器

虽然angular2提供了一组预定义好的校验器,但是并不能覆盖各种各样的格式。这里我们自定义一个email校验器。

Step1:写好校验函数

校验函数接收value值为参数,没有值或者不匹配,返回null,否则返回{"invalidEmail":true}。

function validateEmail(emailControl){
  var emailReg=/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+(\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)+$/;
//正则
  if(!emailControl||emailReg.test(emailControl.value)){
    return null;
  }else{
    return {"invalidEmail":true}
  }
}

step2:把校验函数包装到指令中。

import {NG_VALIDATORS} from "@angular/common";
import {Directive} from "@angular/core";
//引入NG_VALIDATORS和Directive
@Directive({
  selector:"[email-input]",
  //校验指令定义成属性
  providers: [{ provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useValue: validateEmail, multi: true }]
  //使用NG_VALIDATORS定义了单个provider,我们注射了绑定的值。
})
class EmailValidator{

}

step3:email控件上增加email-input属性。

<input id="emailInput" class="form-control" 
             email-input 
             type="text" ngControl="email"
             [(ngModel)]="email"/>

step4:到组件上挂载email-input指令。

@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles: [
      `input.ng-dirty.ng-invalid{
      border:1px solid red;
    }`
  ],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES,EmailValidator],
  //EmailValidator指令添加到指令选项,就可以使用了
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS]
})
class App {}

打开http://localhost:5555/dist/dev/email-validate/

完整的app.ts代码:

ch7-forms/form1/app/email-validate/app.ts:

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import{FORM_DIRECTIVES,FORM_PROVIDERS} from '@angular/common';
import {NG_VALIDATORS} from "@angular/common";
import {Directive} from "@angular/core";
//引入NG_VALIDATORS和Directive
function validateEmail(emailControl){
  var emailReg=/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+(\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)+$/;
  if(!emailControl||emailReg.test(emailControl.value)){
    return null;
  }else{
    return {"invalidEmail":true}
  }
}

@Directive({
  selector:"[email-input]",
  //校验指令定义成属性
  providers: [{ provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useValue: validateEmail, multi: true }]
  //使用NG_VALIDATORS定义了单个provider,我们注射了绑定的值。
})
class EmailValidator{

}
@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles: [
      `input.ng-dirty.ng-invalid{
      border:1px solid red;
    }`
  ],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES,EmailValidator],
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS]
})
class App {}

bootstrap(App);
email自定义校验

2.ngForm指令

 新建ng-form目录,目录下创建index.html、app.ts、app.html。

index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <title><%= TITLE %></title>
  <meta name="description" content="">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
  <!-- inject:css -->
  <!-- endinject -->
</head>
<body>

  <app>Loading...</app>
  <!-- inject:js -->
  <!-- endinject -->
  <%= INIT %>
</body>
</html>
index.html也就是入口文件

app.html暂时还使用之前的form代码:

<form #f="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="login()">

  <lable>用户名:</lable>
  <br/>
   <input id="nameInput" type="text" required ngControl="name" minlength="11" maxlength="11"/>
   <br/>
  <span>调试打印:{{f.valid}}</span>
</form>
View Code

app.ts暂时使用之前的代码:

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import{FORM_DIRECTIVES,FORM_PROVIDERS} from '@angular/common';
@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles: [
      `input.ng-dirty.ng-invalid{
      border:1px solid red;
    }`
  ],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES],
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS]
})
class App {}

bootstrap(App);
View Code

打开http://localhost:5555/dist/dev/ng-form/,会有如下结果

现在为了演示form元素的用法,定义control-error组件,用来显示报错信息。

step1:定义ControlErrors组件

import{NgControl,NgForm} from "@angular/common";
import{Host} from "@angular/core"
//NgControl类是一个抽象类,用来代表angular表单
//Host是一个装饰器,与依赖注入有关
@Component({
  template: `<div>{{currentError}}</div>`,
  selector: 'control-errors',
  inputs: ['control', 'errors']
})
//组件的输入是control和errors
class ControlErrors {
  errors: Object;
  control: string;
  constructor(@Host() private formDir: NgForm) {}
  get currentError() {
    let control = this.formDir.controls[this.control];
    let errorMessages = [];
    if (control && control.touched) {
      errorMessages = Object.keys(this.errors)
        .map(k => control.hasError(k) ? this.errors[k] : null)
        .filter(error => !!error);
    }
    return errorMessages.pop();
  }
}

step2:组件注册

@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles: [
      `input.ng-dirty.ng-invalid{
      border:1px solid red;
    }`
  ],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES,ControlErrors],
//组件注册
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS ]
})
class App {
  
}

step3:使用control-errors组件

<form #f="ngForm" >
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="control-label" for="realNameInput">Real name</label>
    <div>
      <input id="realNameInput" class="form-control"
             type="text" ngControl="name"
             required maxlength="5">
      <control-errors control="name"
                      [errors]="{
          'required': 'Real name is required',
          'maxlength': 'The maximum length of the real name is 5characters'
        }"></control-errors>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

打开http://localhost:5555/dist/dev/ng-form/,使得input框获得焦点,然后失去焦点,浏览器结果如图

OK

最终完整的代码:

app.html:

<form #f="ngForm" >
  <div class="form-group">
    <label class="control-label" for="realNameInput">Real name</label>
    <div>
      <input id="realNameInput" class="form-control"
             type="text" ngControl="name"
             required maxlength="5">
      <control-errors control="name"
                      [errors]="{
          'required': 'Real name is required',
          'maxlength': 'The maximum length of the real name is 5characters'
        }"></control-errors>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>
模板

app.ts:

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import{FORM_DIRECTIVES,FORM_PROVIDERS} from '@angular/common';
@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  styles: [
      `input.ng-dirty.ng-invalid{
      border:1px solid red;
    }`
  ],
  directives:[FORM_DIRECTIVES],
  providers:[FORM_PROVIDERS]
})
class App {}

bootstrap(App);
View Code

index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <title><%= TITLE %></title>
  <meta name="description" content="">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
  <!-- inject:css -->
  <!-- endinject -->
</head>
<body>

  <app>Loading...</app>
  <!-- inject:js -->
  <!-- endinject -->
  <%= INIT %>
</body>
</html>
View Code

3.双向数据绑定

ngModel指令轻松实现双向数据绑定。选择器为[(ngModel)]。

目录结构

ch7-forms/form1/app/ng-model/app.ts:

import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import{NgModel} from "@angular/common";

@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  directives:[NgModel]
})
class App {
  name:string;
}

bootstrap(App);
//非常简单的例子

ch7-forms/form1/app/ng-model/app.html:

<input type="text" [(ngModel)]="name"/>
<div>{{name}}</div>

ch7-forms/form1/app/ng-model/index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <title><%= TITLE %></title>
  <meta name="description" content="">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
  <!-- inject:css -->
  <!-- endinject -->
</head>
<body>

  <app>Loading...</app>
  <!-- inject:js -->
  <!-- endinject -->
  <%= INIT %>
</body>
</html>
View Code

 打开http://localhost:5555/dist/dev/ng-model/,浏览器结果如图,当修改了input的值,label会自动刷新。

三: 表单数据的存储

表单数据很多,并非一两个,我们可以通过把数据以属性的形式挂载到某个对象(实例上),做非常简洁的存储。

只做一个简单的例子:

ch7-forms/form1/app/user/app.html:

<input type="text" [(ngModel)]="user.name"/>
<button (click)="getUser(user)">获得user对象</button>
View Code

ch7-forms/form1/app/user/user.ts:

export class User{
  name:string;
}
//数据从logic分离出来了
//实际情况会有更多的属性

ch7-forms/form1/app/user/app.ts:

//顶级组件的代码
import {Component} from '@angular/core';
import {bootstrap} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import{NgModel} from "@angular/common";
import{User}from "./user";

@Component({
  selector: 'app',
  templateUrl:"./app.html",
  directives:[NgModel]
})
class App {
  user=new User();
  getUser(user){
    console.log(user)
  }
}

bootstrap(App);

ch7-forms/form1/app/user/index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <title><%= TITLE %></title>
  <meta name="description" content="">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
  <!-- inject:css -->
  <!-- endinject -->
</head>
<body>

  <app>Loading...</app>
  <!-- inject:js -->
  <!-- endinject -->
  <%= INIT %>
</body>
</html>
View Code

当input框输入值之后,会打印对象

另外关于提交有一个小方法阻止重复提交。

<form #f="ngForm" (ngSubmit)="login()" [hidden]="submitted">

</form>

一开始设置submitted为false,那么表单就可以通过login来提交了,而一旦提交完成,设置为true,那么就隐藏起form,也就不会有再次提交了。

 

posted @ 2017-07-02 17:36  陈蒙的技术空间  阅读(465)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报