七、Spring Boot Servlet 使用

Web开发使用 Controller 基本上可以完成大部分需求,但是我们还可能会用到 Servlet、Filter、Listener、Interceptor 等等。

当使用spring-Boot时,嵌入式Servlet容器通过扫描注解的方式注册Servlet、Filter和Servlet规范的所有监听器(如HttpSessionListener监听器)。 
Spring boot 的主 Servlet 为 DispatcherServlet,其默认的url-pattern为“/”。也许我们在应用中还需要定义更多的Servlet,该如何使用SpringBoot来完成呢?

在spring boot中添加自己的Servlet有两种方法,代码注册Servlet和注解自动注册(Filter和Listener也是如此)。 
一、代码注册通过ServletRegistrationBean、 FilterRegistrationBean 和 ServletListenerRegistrationBean 获得控制。 
也可以通过实现 ServletContextInitializer 接口直接注册。

二、在 SpringBootApplication 上使用@ServletComponentScan 注解后,Servlet、Filter、Listener 可以直接通过 @WebServlet、@WebFilter、@WebListener 注解自动注册,无需其他代码。

通过代码注册Servlet示例代码:

SpringBootSampleApplication.Java

package org.springboot.sample;

import org.springboot.sample.servlet.MyServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootSampleApplication {

    /**
     * 使用代码注册Servlet(不需要@ServletComponentScan注解)
     *
     */
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean() {
        return new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(), "/xs/*");// ServletName默认值为首字母小写,即myServlet
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootSampleApplication.class, args);
    }
}

MyServlet.java

package org.springboot.sample.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet
 *
 */
//@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/xs/*", description="Servlet的说明")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8685285401859800066L;

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>doGet()<<<<<<<<<<<");
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>doPost()<<<<<<<<<<<");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");  
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();  
        out.println("<html>");  
        out.println("<head>");  
        out.println("<title>Hello World</title>");  
        out.println("</head>");  
        out.println("<body>");  
        out.println("<h1>大家好,我的名字叫Servlet</h1>");  
        out.println("</body>");  
        out.println("</html>"); 
    }

}

使用注解注册Servlet示例代码

SpringBootSampleApplication.java

package org.springboot.sample;

import org.springboot.sample.servlet.MyServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan
public class SpringBootSampleApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootSampleApplication.class, args);
    }
}

MyServlet2.java

package org.springboot.sample.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet
 *
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/xs/myservlet", description="Servlet的说明") // 不指定name的情况下,name默认值为类全路径,即org.springboot.sample.servlet.MyServlet2
public class MyServlet2 extends HttpServlet{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8685285401859800066L;

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>doGet2()<<<<<<<<<<<");
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>doPost2()<<<<<<<<<<<");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");  
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();  
        out.println("<html>");  
        out.println("<head>");  
        out.println("<title>Hello World</title>");  
        out.println("</head>");  
        out.println("<body>");  
        out.println("<h1>大家好,我的名字叫Servlet2</h1>");  
        out.println("</body>");  
        out.println("</html>"); 
    }

}

使用 @WebServlet 注解,其中可以设置一些属性。

有个问题:DispatcherServlet 默认拦截“/”,MyServlet 拦截“/xs/*”,MyServlet2 拦截“/xs/myservlet”,那么在我们访问 http://localhost:8080/xs/myservlet 的时候系统会怎么处理呢?如果访问 http://localhost:8080/xs/abc 的时候又是什么结果呢?这里就不给大家卖关子了,其结果是“匹配的优先级是从精确到模糊,复合条件的Servlet并不会都执行”

既然系统DispatcherServlet 默认拦截“/”,那么我们是否能做修改呢,答案是肯定的,我们在SpringBootSampleApplication中添加代码:

    /**
     * 修改DispatcherServlet默认配置
     *
     */
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
        ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet);
        registration.getUrlMappings().clear();
        registration.addUrlMappings("*.do");
        registration.addUrlMappings("*.json");
        return registration;
    }

当然,这里可以对DispatcherServlet做很多修改,并非只是UrlMappings。

posted on 2017-10-09 15:07  仗剑走天涯|  阅读(413)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报