requests

requests

什么是requests?

Requests: 让 HTTP 服务⼈类 urllib urllib2 urllib3

下载方法：

pip3 install requests

基本应用

get请求

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author:晨黎

import requests
import json


r=requests.get(
   url="http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo",
   params={"mobileCode":"15*******73","userID":""}
)
print(r.text)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.headers)
print(r.url)





<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<string xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">159*****373：陕西 榆林 陕西移动全球通卡</string>
200
{'Cache-Control': 'private, max-age=0', 'Content-Type': 'text/xml; charset=utf-8', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'Server': 'Microsoft-IIS/7.5', 'X-AspNet-Version': '2.0.50727', 'X-Powered-By': 'ASP.NET', 'Date': 'Wed, 19 Jan 2022 13:13:08 GMT', 'Content-Length': '271'}

post请求（json数据格式）

response=requests.post(
url='http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/',
    json={'username':'15929643373','password':'123456'},
    headers={'content_type':'application/json'}
)
print(json.dumps(response.json(),indent=True,ensure_ascii=False))







{
 "token": "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyaWQiOiIzWlNKM0dkbTgydldDSlBKUE5pUXVrIiwiZXhwIjoxNjQyNjg0MTUxfQ.0LegK5J3pxW3vbNV6-an-GHsLSDsvQvPl59rFN7WwUM",
 "user": {
  "uid": "3ZSJ3Gdm82vWCJPJPNiQuk",
  "telephone": "159*******3",
  "username": "小陈",
  "email": null,
  "avator": "",
  "date_joined": "2022-01-09T11:14:06.114797+08:00",
  "is_active": true
 }
}

响应数据⼀般使⽤r.text来获取，如果响应数据是JSON格式的，那么使⽤r.json()

post请求（表单数据格式）

r=requests.post(
    url="http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo",
    data={"mobileCode":"159*****373","userID":""},
    headers={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
)
print(r.text)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.headers)
print(r.url)









<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<string xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">159*****373：陕西 榆林 陕西移动全球通卡</string>
200
{'Cache-Control': 'private, max-age=0', 'Content-Type': 'text/xml; charset=utf-8', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'Server': 'Microsoft-IIS/7.5', 'X-AspNet-Version': '2.0.50727', 'X-Powered-By': 'ASP.NET', 'Date': 'Wed, 19 Jan 2022 13:15:58 GMT', 'Content-Length': '271'}
http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx/getMobileCodeInfo

 

动态参数处理

def login():
    r=requests.post(
        url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/",
        json={"username":"15929643373","password":"123456"},
        headers={"Content-Type":"application/json;charset=UTF-8"}
    )
    return r.json()["token"]
print(login())

def index():
    r=requests.get(
        url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/index",
        headers={"Authorization":"jwt {token}".format(token=login())}
        # headers = {"Authorization": "JWT {0}".format(login())})
    )
    print(r.text)
    assert r.json()["count"]["api"]==4
index()








eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyaWQiOiIzWlNKM0dkbTgydldDSlBKUE5pUXVrIiwiZXhwIjoxNjQyNjg2MDQ3fQ.2QoZFuSn8vx_FYcfjMfSZWXW7yFHamdlJDnIE4l0Q2w
{"count":{"product":186,"api":4,"suite":3,"api_records":0,"suite_records":1}}

requests参数

headers ⾥⾯填写请求头的信息，请求头的信息都是字典的数据类型

headers={"Authorization":"JWT {token}".format(token=login())}

cookies 在请求头⾥⾯需要带上服务端的响应头中返回来的set-cookie的值

def login():
    r=requests.post(
        url="https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.51cto.com&iframe=0&is_go_to_user_set_mobile=1",
        data={
            "_csrf":"NFVxQUZHelUHPh8SDxRXPEASRCoeI1dtAhFBFTRqG2dcLRA7EhQWOA==",
            "LoginForm[username]":"15929643373",
            "LoginForm[password]":"asd888/==",
            "show_qr":0
        },
        headers={
            "Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
            "Cookie":"_uab_collina=164205936736540110402231; gr_user_id=0b1051d6-22b8-453b-9433-9b70c8031880; UM_distinctid=17e525d4fe544d-08ff15db089497-57b1a33-280000-17e525d4fe651c; _ourplusFirstTime=122-1-13-15-36-7; www51cto=C1948558B4C1E625FA951F0482CF373AFFmP; callback_api_url=https%3A%2F%2Fedu.51cto.com%2Fcenter%2Fuser%2Findex%2Flogin-success%3Fsign%3D4d65A1MHVAIBBQcAAQMGUwYMAlVSBgQCBlRTBAxYEENDERIAIhJWdBQHcVVVRBoFBltHCRoAX10XV3EHUQZR%26client%3Dweb; pub_cookietime=2592000; Hm_lvt_110fc9b2e1cae4d110b7959ee4f27e3b=1642064960; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2215481258%22%2C%22first_id%22%3A%2217e525d842dd89-0cef705b327193-57b1a33-2621440-17e525d842e5fa%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC_%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%2217e525d842dd89-0cef705b327193-57b1a33-2621440-17e525d842e5fa%22%7D; ssxmod_itna=YqIhqjx0EG8GCDzxAxeTj+IqDQAFqxym4rmbqKDsaEDSxGKidDqxBWmQoHWyiq5PDUrPiT1Y28G4tfifGaPhYWcmyPDHxY=DU1Dq+YD4RKGwD0eG+DD4DWeqAoDexGpc2pXKGWD4qDODWKDX2akDiPCDmR8pxGClxDC0APDwx0CLovF=4YpDi5xRarPLxG1F40H=G35LxOfLRh1RPSARQGiDBb5gt35dcd54Hr+fWIG440OD0KGLxibCrOUUhH+ZQhTTexNdPrqjiiP3l0eCiGKr70NNYRe4pRDFYnXqQ0q4hxySuxDiE09U+DD=; ssxmod_itna2=YqIhqjx0EG8GCDzxAxeTj+IqDQAFqxym4rmbqikEaeYDlZlQDj4R51dQidqDyiLye8Uz6LaimaB7lrivOQFErRhaz7Wri6aIm=ovCli9LFPsbL1eBgIoEK6HiuAqsQ58gyw8X4/Hfa0syP9DNnGWxrD=gP7tYUu+r3IrtKvmnagCnQ0D83HPzzyz37eIN88bWbBsZ=AsMcAf6g8C/PK6f9r+Bb0dcF30lIwHcIy6L4k==0mLQVLUYSCUy6xG3buuf2P8q6qWpfQf0SHk0U7WmVv8Yioi5OP8XLe8F+IBEXOkb8PQlXzi+ycDPQAbN8Hx3BC8yWzrPGaqB9dnRtj0s0eSGrsQwKq4Ct9j3cAGwnIa1nH5xcoN4aSD+Wqx3vvlKxmAy/hMWeSUHDkpU3If0+8GqQUoUBgrAT3D07QxDLxD2BGDD===; acw_tc=2760826e16425819472683730e7ccb62d1a2e5ecf2d243cb7ca6512d3d00bf; _csrf=f9304a4be54f06b4d86271a1c228ac505eae8e8adad5a1f665dae880db8c8bf6a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A5%3A%22_csrf%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A32%3A%223knSIS-itG5kXd-86D0Tr-a2hxazTSlm%22%3B%7D; Hm_lvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1642061627,1642064984,1642086473,1642581950; pub_wechatopen=aG0wVVNRBVcLBgIFVA; PHPSESSID=6ri0nds9gb9ors8s4obs7sdhd6; once_p=732988; _ourplusReturnCount=41; _ourplusReturnTime=122-1-19-16-49-55; login_from=home.51cto.com; reg_from=home.51cto.com; Hm_lpvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1642582196",
            "Referer":"https://home.51cto.com/index",
            "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36",
        }
    )
    print(r.text)
    print(r.status_code)
    return r.cookies
print(login())

def homepage():
    r=requests.get(
        url="https://edu.51cto.com/center/user/info/get-user-info",


 



        cookies=login()
    )
    print(r.text)
    print(r.status_code)
homepage()




 


 


组件


auth 权限验证




from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

r=requests.get(
    url="http://101.43.158.84:5000/v1/api/books",
    auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username="admin",password="admin",),
)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.json())






200
{'datas': [{'author': 'wuya', 'done': True, 'id': 1, 'name': 'Python接口自动化测试实战'}, {'author': '无涯', 'done': False, 'id': 2, 'name': 'Selenium3自动化测试实战'}], 'msg': 'ok', 'status': 0}




timeout


主要指的是服务端响应数据很慢，但有时候很快，所以这个时候建议加timeout 还有⼀种就是当⽹络请求出现requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout的错误时候，那么就意味着该参数需要上场 了




from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

r=requests.get(
    url="http://101.43.158.84:5000/v1/api/books",
    auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username="admin",password="admin",),
    timeout=30
)




verify


当你的代码没任何的问题，但是请求就是返回ssl 以及403的问题，那么就意味着需要设置verify的参数 如返回错误：requests.exceptions.SSLError。那么就需要带上该参数




r=requests.get(
 url='https://101.43.158.84:5000/v1/api/books',
 auth=HTTPBasicAuth(username="admin",password='admin'),
 timeout=180,verify=False)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.json())




 






            

            
posted @ 
2022-01-19 21:48 
晨^O^黎 
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