c#中的序列化与反序列化

.net framework中支持二进制序列化、SOAP序列化、Xml序列化和自定义的序列化。

如果有一个学生类：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;//XML序列化
namespace StudentManage
{
    [Serializable]  //指定可以序列化
    public class Student:IComparable<Student>
    {
        public string ID;
        public string Name;
        public float ChineseScore;
        public float MathScore;
        public float EnglishScore;
        public float SumScore
        {
            get
            {
                return ChineseScore + MathScore + EnglishScore;
            }
        }
        public float AverageScore
        {
            get
            {
                return SumScore / 3;
            }
        }
        public Student()
        {
            this.ID = "";
            this.Name = "";
            this.ChineseScore = 0;
            this.MathScore = 0;
            this.EnglishScore = 0;
        }
        int IComparable<Student>.CompareTo(Student other)
        {
            return this.SumScore.CompareTo(other.SumScore);
        }
    }
}

还有一个学生列表类，其中包括一个学生类的集合：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace StudentManage
{
    [Serializable]
    public class StudentList
    {
        //学生列表
        [XmlElement]
        private List<Student> StuList = new List<Student>();
        public List<Student> stuList
        {
            get
            {
                return StuList;
            }
            set
            {
                StuList = value;
            }
        }
        //索引器
        public Student this[int index]
        {
            get
            {
                if (index < 0 || index > StuList.Count)
                {
                    return null;
                }
                return StuList[index];
            }
            set
            {
                if (index < 0 || index >= StuList.Count)
                {
                    return;
                }
                StuList[index] = value;
            }
        }
        //学生人数
        public int StuCount
        {
            get
            {
                return StuList.Count;
            }
        }
        //添加一个学生
        public bool AddStudent(Student stu)
        {
            
            Student s = StuList.Find(e => e.ID == stu.ID);
            if (s == null)
            {
                StuList.Add(stu);
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        public bool DeleteStudent(string stuID)
        {
            Student s = StuList.Find(e => e.ID == stuID);
            {
                if (s == null)
                {
                    return false;
                }
                else
                {
                    StuList.Remove(s);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        public Student QueryStudent(string stuID)
        {
            Student s = StuList.Find(e => e.ID == stuID);
            {
                return s;
            }
        }
        public int[][] GetScorePercentArray()
        {
            int[][] a = new int[5][];
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
                a[i] = new int[3];

            for (int i = 0; i < StuList.Count; i++)
            {
                //语文成绩统计
                if (StuList[i].ChineseScore >= 90)
                    a[0][0] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].ChineseScore >= 80)
                    a[1][0] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].ChineseScore >= 70)
                    a[2][0] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].ChineseScore >= 60)
                    a[3][0] += 1;
                else
                    a[4][0] += 1;
                //数学成绩统计
                if (StuList[i].MathScore >= 90)
                    a[0][1] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].MathScore >= 80)
                    a[1][1] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].MathScore >= 70)
                    a[2][1] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].MathScore >= 60)
                    a[3][1] += 1;
                else
                    a[4][1] += 1;

                //英语成绩统计
                if (StuList[i].EnglishScore >= 90)
                    a[0][2] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].EnglishScore >= 80)
                    a[1][2] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].EnglishScore >= 70)
                    a[2][2] += 1;
                else if (StuList[i].EnglishScore >= 60)
                    a[3][2] += 1;
                else
                    a[4][2] += 1;
            }
        return a;
        }
        public void Sort()
        {
            StuList.Sort();
            StuList.Reverse();
        }
        public Student GetChineseMaxStudent()
        {
            float max = StuList[0].ChineseScore;
            int maxIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i < StuList.Count; i++)
            {
                if (StuList[i].ChineseScore > max)
                {
                    max = StuList[i].ChineseScore;
                    maxIndex = i;
                }
            }
            return StuList[maxIndex];
        }        
    }
}

我要序列化学生列表。

namespace StudentManage
{
    public partial class StudentManage : Form
    {
        private Point startPosition;//单击鼠标时鼠标的位置
        //学生列表
        private static  StudentList stuList = new StudentList();

首先定义2个用于序列化和反序列化的方法：

private static void SerializeStudent(StudentList stuList, FileStream fs)
        {
            //BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(StudentList));
            try
            {
                formatter.Serialize(fs, stuList);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }
        }
        private static StudentList DeserializeStudent(FileStream fs)
        {
            //BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(StudentList));
            try
            {
                stuList = (StudentList)formatter.Deserialize(fs);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }
            return stuList;
        }

在窗体的Load事件中，把文件的内容反序列化出来付给对象。

 private void StudentManage_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!File.Exists("StudentList.txt"))
            {
                return;
            }
            FileStream fs = new FileStream("StudentList.txt", FileMode.Open);
            stuList = DeserializeStudent(fs);
            fs.Close();
            if (stuList.stuList != null)
            {
                foreach (Student s in stuList.stuList)
                {
                    StudataGridView.Rows.Add(s.ID, s.Name, s.ChineseScore, s.MathScore, s.EnglishScore, s.SumScore, s.AverageScore);
                }
            }
            this.RefreshChart();
        }

在学生列表添加了一个学生的时候，把学生列表序列化到文件中。

 if (stuList.AddStudent(s) == true)
            {
                using(FileStream fs = new FileStream("StudentList.txt",FileMode.Create))
                {
                    SerializeStudent(stuList,fs);
                    fs.Close();
                }
                StudataGridView.Rows.Add(s.ID, s.Name, s.ChineseScore, s.MathScore, s.EnglishScore,s.SumScore,s.AverageScore);
                RefreshChart();
            }