java异步计算Future的使用(转)
从jdk1.5开始我们可以利用Future来跟踪异步计算的结果。在此之前主线程要想获得工作线程(异步计算线程)的结果是比较麻烦的事情,需要我们进行特殊的程序结构设计,比较繁琐而且容易出错。有了Future我们就可以设计出比较优雅的异步计算程序结构模型:根据分而治之的思想,我们可以把异步计算的线程按照职责分为3类:
1. 异步计算的发起线程(控制线程):负责异步计算任务的分解和发起,把分解好的任务交给异步计算的work线程去执行,发起异步计算后,发起线程可以获得Futrue的集合,从而可以跟踪异步计算结果
2. 异步计算work线程:负责具体的计算任务
3. 异步计算结果收集线程:从发起线程那里获得Future的集合,并负责监控Future的状态,根据Future的状态来处理异步计算的结果。
以下是我根据上述想法写的一个例子:
package com.chengxuyuanzhilu.two; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class OutputResult implements Runnable { private FutureContext<String> context; public void setFutureContext(FutureContext<String> context){ this.context = context; } @Override public void run() { System.out.println("start to output result:"); List<Future<String>> list = this.context.getFutureList(); for (Future<String> future : list) { this.outputResultFromFuture(future); } System.out.println("finish to output result."); } private void outputResultFromFuture(Future<String> future){ try { while (true) { if(future.isDone() && !future.isCancelled()){ System.out.println("Future: " + future + ",Result:" + future.get()); break; }else{ Thread.sleep(1000); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }; } }
package com.chengxuyuanzhilu.two; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class FutureContext<T> { private List<Future<T>> futureList = new ArrayList<>(); public void addFuture(Future<T> future){ this.futureList.add(future); } public List<Future<T>> getFutureList(){ return this.futureList; } }
package com.chengxuyuanzhilu.two; import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class AsyncController { //线程池 private ExecutorService executorService; //保存异步计算的Future private FutureContext<String> context; public AsyncController() { //创建一个固定大小的线程池 this.executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100); this.context = new FutureContext<>(); } public static void main(String[] args) { //启动异步计算 AsyncController controller = new AsyncController(); controller.startAsycCompution(); //启动异步计算结果输出线程,该线程扫描异步计算Futrue的状态,如果已经完成,则输出异步计算结果 OutputResult output = new OutputResult(); output.setFutureContext(controller.getFutureContext()); Thread resultThread = new Thread(output); resultThread.start(); } public FutureContext<String> getFutureContext(){ return this.context; } public void startAsycCompution(){ /** * 开启100个异步计算,每个异步计算线程随机sleep几秒来模拟计算耗时 */ final Random random = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Future<String> future = this.executorService.submit( new Callable<String>(){ @Override public String call() throws Exception { int randomInt = random.nextInt(10); Thread.sleep(randomInt * 1000); return "" + randomInt; } }); //每个异步计算的结果 存放在context中 this.context.addFuture(future); } } }
源码下载地址:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c1uuq5M