springboot validator参数校验器
转载：文章
https://www.cnblogs.com/sanye613/p/15027448.html
JSR 提供的校验注解：
@Null被注释的元素必须为 null@NotNull被注释的元素必须不为 null@AssertTrue被注释的元素必须为 true@AssertFalse被注释的元素必须为 false@Min(value)被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值@Max(value)被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值@DecimalMin(value)被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值@DecimalMax(value)被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值@Size(max=, min=)被注释的元素的大小必须在指定的范围内@Digits (integer, fraction)被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须在可接受的范围内@Past被注释的元素必须是一个过去的日期@Future被注释的元素必须是一个将来的日期@Pattern(regex=,flag=)被注释的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式
Hibernate Validator提供的校验注解：
@NotBlank(message =)验证字符串非 null，且长度必须大于 0@Email被注释的元素必须是电子邮箱地址@Length(min=,max=)被注释的字符串的大小必须在指定的范围内@NotEmpty被注释的字符串的必须非空@Range(min=,max=,message=)被注释的元素必须在合适的范围内
4*|0*实战开发4*|1*@Validated注解用法**引入依赖**
- SpringBoot提供了validator启动器
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 非SpringBoot项目，需要自行引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.1.5.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
<artifactId>jakarta.el</artifactId>
<version>3.0.3</version>
</dependency>
实体约束示例
package com.lzy.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
/**
* created by Luzy on 2021-07-10 19:41
*/
@Data
public class Student {
@NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
private String name;
@Min(value = 18, message = "年龄不能小于18岁")
private Integer age;
@Pattern(regexp = "^((13[0-9])|(14[5,7,9])|(15([0-3]|[5-9]))|(166)|(17[0,1,3,5,6,7,8])|(18[0-9])|(19[8|9]))\\d{8}$", message = "手机号格式错误")
private String phone;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式错误")
private String email;
@Valid
@NotNull
private School school;
@Data
private static class School{
@NotBlank(message = "学校名不能为空")
private String name;
@NotBlank(message = "学校地址不能为空")
private String address;
}
}
校验演示
准备Contoller进行测试
package com.lzy.controller;
import com.lzy.config.Update;
import com.lzy.entity.Student;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
/**
* created by Luzy on 2021-07-10 19:41
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
}
- 当Controller层方法中参数是对象时（如Student，且对象中字段已经加了约束），若不加@Validated注解，则约束不起效果
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/t1")
public String test3(Student student) {
log.info("学生信息:{}", student);
return "ok";
}
}
- 对象参数前加上@Validated注解后约束生效
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/t2")
public String test1(@Validated Student student) {
log.info("学生信息:{}", student);
return "ok";
}
@GetMapping("/t3")
public String test2(@Validated @RequestBody Student student) {
log.info("学生信息:{}", student);
return "ok";
}
}
2021-07-18 15:30:53.440 WARN 3212 --- [io-8080-exec-10] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [org.springframework.validation.BindException: org.springframework.validation.BeanPropertyBindingResult: 6 errors
Field error in object 'student' on field 'name': rejected value []; codes [NotBlank.student.name,NotBlank.name,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.name,name]; arguments []; default message [name]]; default message [用户名不能为空]
Field error in object 'student' on field 'school.name': rejected value []; codes [NotBlank.student.school.name,NotBlank.school.name,NotBlank.name,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.school.name,school.name]; arguments []; default message [school.name]]; default message [学校名不能为空]
Field error in object 'student' on field 'school.address': rejected value []; codes [NotBlank.student.school.address,NotBlank.school.address,NotBlank.address,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.school.address,school.address]; arguments []; default message [school.address]]; default message [学校地址不能为空]
Field error in object 'student' on field 'age': rejected value [11]; codes [Min.student.age,Min.age,Min.java.lang.Integer,Min]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.age,age]; arguments []; default message [age],18]; default message [年龄不能小于18岁]
Field error in object 'student' on field 'email': rejected value [1234qq.com]; codes [Email.student.email,Email.email,Email.java.lang.String,Email]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.email,email]; arguments []; default message [email],[Ljavax.validation.constraints.Pattern$Flag;@2e90ef80,.*]; default message [邮箱格式错误]
Field error in object 'student' on field 'phone': rejected value []; codes [Pattern.student.phone,Pattern.phone,Pattern.java.lang.String,Pattern]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.phone,phone]; arguments []; default message [phone],[Ljavax.validation.constraints.Pattern$Flag;@5e6ea6fb,^((13[0-9])|(14[5,7,9])|(15([0-3]|[5-9]))|(166)|(17[0,1,3,5,6,7,8])|(18[0-9])|(19[8|9]))\d{8}$]; default message [手机号格式错误]]
- Json格式传递参数同样
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/t3")
public String test2(@Validated @RequestBody Student student) {
log.info("学生信息:{}", student);
return "ok";
}
}
2021-07-18 15:32:56.979 WARN 3212 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException: Validation failed for argument [0] in public java.lang.String com.lzy.controller.TestController.test2(com.lzy.entity.Student) with 3 errors: [Field error in object 'student' on field 'name': rejected value []; codes [NotBlank.student.name,NotBlank.name,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.name,name]; arguments []; default message [name]]; default message [用户名不能为空]] [Field error in object 'student' on field 'phone': rejected value [18812345]; codes [Pattern.student.phone,Pattern.phone,Pattern.java.lang.String,Pattern]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.phone,phone]; arguments []; default message [phone],[Ljavax.validation.constraints.Pattern$Flag;@5e6ea6fb,^((13[0-9])|(14[5,7,9])|(15([0-3]|[5-9]))|(166)|(17[0,1,3,5,6,7,8])|(18[0-9])|(19[8|9]))\d{8}$]; default message [手机号格式错误]] [Field error in object 'student' on field 'school.name': rejected value []; codes [NotBlank.student.school.name,NotBlank.school.name,NotBlank.name,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.school.name,school.name]; arguments []; default message [school.name]]; default message [学校名不能为空]] ]
- 如果想对Controller层方法中参数直接进行约束，此时必须在类上添加@Validated，否则约束不起效果
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/t4")
public String test4(@NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空") String name,
@Min(value = 18, message = "年龄不能小于18岁") Integer age) {
log.info("学生{}的年龄为{}", name,age);
return "ok";
}
}
2021-07-18 15:49:53.751 INFO 21548 --- [nio-8080-exec-7] com.lzy.controller.TestController : 学生null的年龄为16
- 在类上加上@Validated后约束生效
@RestController
@Slf4j
@Validated
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/t4")
public String test4(@NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空") String name,
@Min(value = 18, message = "年龄不能小于18岁") Integer age) {
log.info("学生{}的年龄为{}", name,age);
return "ok";
}
}
2021-07-18 15:55:20.738 ERROR 16840 --- [nio-8080-exec-4] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet] : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException: test4.name: 用户名不能为空, test4.age: 年龄不能小于18岁] with root cause
javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException: test4.name: 用户名不能为空, test4.age: 年龄不能小于18岁
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationInterceptor.invoke(MethodValidationInterceptor.java:120) ~[spring-context-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186) ~[spring-aop-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]....
4*|2***@Validated与@Valid**
@Valid注解与@Validated注解功能大部分类似；
不同点：
- @Valid属于javax包下，而@Validated属于Spring下
- @Valid支持嵌套校验、而@Validated不支持
- @Validated支持分组，而@Valid不支持
4*|3***自定义约束注解**
- 创建自定义注解@Phone
package com.lzy.annotation;
import com.lzy.handler.PhoneValidator;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* created by Luzy on 2021-07-18 16:31
*
* @Description: 自定义注解：校验手机号码格式
*/
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = PhoneValidator.class)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Phone {
String message() default "手机格式不正确!";
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}
- 定义具体的验证器
package com.lzy.handler;
import com.lzy.annotation.Phone;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* created by Luzy on 2021-07-18 16:32
*
* @Description: 自定义注解校验器
*/
public class PhoneValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Phone, String> {
@Override
public boolean isValid(String phoneNum, ConstraintValidatorContext constraintValidatorContext) {
// 1: 如果用户没输入直接返回不校验，因为空的判断交给@NotNull去做就行了
if (phoneNum == null && phoneNum.length() == 0) {
return true;
}
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^(13[0-9]|14[5|7|9]|15[0|1|2|3|5|6|7|8|9]|17[0|1|6|7|8]|18[0-9])\\d{8}$");
// 2：如果校验通过就返回true,否则返回false;
Matcher matcher = p.matcher(phoneNum);
return matcher.matches();
}
@Override
public void initialize(Phone constraintAnnotation) {
}
}
- 使用及测试
@RestController
@Slf4j
@Validated
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/phone")
public String phone(@Phone(message = "手机号别瞎jb填") String phoneNum) {
log.info("学生手机号码:{}", phoneNum);
return "ok";
}
}
2021-07-18 17:48:47.890 ERROR 18844 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet] : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException: phone.phoneNum: 手机号别瞎jb填] with root cause
javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException: phone.phoneNum: 手机号别瞎jb填
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationInterceptor.invoke(MethodValidationInterceptor.java:120) ~[spring-context-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]....
4*|4***多级嵌套模型校验**
前面已经出现过，Student对象中的school属性也是一个对象，如果要想School对象里的name，adress上的约束生效，则必须要在school上添加 @Valid注解，
且上文已说过，@Valid支持嵌套校验、而@Validated不支持， 当然此处应该加上一个 @NotNull，避免school对象为null
package com.lzy.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
/**
* created by Luzy on 2021-07-10 19:41
*/
@Data
public class Student {
@NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
private String name;
@Min(value = 18, message = "年龄不能小于18岁")
private Integer age;
@Pattern(regexp = "^((13[0-9])|(14[5,7,9])|(15([0-3]|[5-9]))|(166)|(17[0,1,3,5,6,7,8])|(18[0-9])|(19[8|9]))\\d{8}$", message = "手机号格式错误")
private String phone;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式错误")
private String email;
@Valid
@NotNull
private School school;
@Data
private static class School{
@NotBlank(message = "学校名不能为空")
private String name;
@NotBlank(message = "学校地址不能为空")
private String address;
}
}
4*|5***分组校验**
场景说明：比如我们在业务开发中对用户的新增和修改操作，新增用户时肯定没有用户id，修改用户时肯定要传入用户id，此时便可以使用分组校验
- 自定义两个分组Create和Update
package com.lzy.config;
import javax.validation.groups.Default;
/**
* created by Luzy on 2021-07-10 19:41
* @Description: 自定义分组 Create
*/
public interface Create extends Default {
}
package com.lzy.config;
import javax.validation.groups.Default;
/**
* created by Luzy on 2021-07-10 19:41
* @Description: 自定义分组 Default
*/
public interface Update extends Default {
}
- 在之前的Student对象模型中id属性上指定group为Update
@Data
public class Student {
@NotBlank(message = "id不能为空",groups ={Update.class} )
private String id;
@NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
private String name;
@Min(value = 18, message = "年龄不能小于18岁")
private Integer age;
@Phone
private String phone;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式错误")
private String email;
@Valid
@NotNull
private School school;
@Data
private static class School{
@NotBlank(message = "学校名不能为空")
private String name;
@NotBlank(message = "学校地址不能为空")
private String address;
}
}
- 在Controller启动校验时，指定校验分组
@PostMapping("/createStudent")
public String createStudent(@Validated @RequestBody Student student) {
log.info("学生信息:{}", student);
return "createStudent success!";
}
@PostMapping("/updateStudent")
public String updateStudent(@Validated(value = Update.class) @RequestBody Student student) {
log.info("学生信息:{}", student);
return "updateStudent success!";
}
2021-07-18 18:15:00.239 INFO 23140 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] com.lzy.controller.TestController : 学生信息:Student(id=, name=xxxxxx@qq.com, age=18, phone=18158872278, email=xxxxxx@qq.com, school=Student.School(name=中科大, address=安徽省合肥市))
2021-07-18 18:15:48.322 WARN 23140 --- [nio-8080-exec-5] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException: Validation failed for argument [0] in public java.lang.String com.lzy.controller.TestController.updateStudent(com.lzy.entity.Student): [Field error in object 'student' on field 'id': rejected value []; codes [NotBlank.student.id,NotBlank.id,NotBlank.java.lang.String,NotBlank]; arguments [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultMessageSourceResolvable: codes [student.id,id]; arguments []; default message [id]]; default message [id不能为空]] ]
- 关于自定义分组继承Default说明
继承Default并不是必须的。
如果继承了Default，那么@Validated(value = Create.class)的校验范畴为【Create】和【Default】；
如果没继承Default，那么@Validated(value = Create.class)的校验范畴为【Create】；Student对象中的name、age、phone等属性默认分组为Default，如果自定义分组没有继承Default，那在Contoller的方法中指定校验分组时，必须加上Default分组，否则name、age、phone等属性约束会失效
4*|6***处理校验抛出的异常**
当注解校验不通过时，直接将异常信息返回给前端并不友好，我们可以将异常包装处理后返回给前端。
- 方式一：使用BindingResult类
@PostMapping("/t6")
public String test6(@Validated @RequestBody Student student,BindingResult bindingResult) {
if (bindingResult.hasErrors()){
List<ObjectError> allErrors = bindingResult.getAllErrors();
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
allErrors.forEach(e->{
log.error(e.getDefaultMessage());
builder.append("【"+e.getDefaultMessage()+"】");
});
return builder.toString();
}
log.info("学生信息:{}", student);
return "ok";
}
