上篇关于javascript的博客简单介绍了一下javascript的变量和运算符,下面简单介绍一下javascript中的基本语句.
1.条件语句if.
- <html>
- lt;head>
- <title>VarTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var varTest=1;
- if(varTest=1) {
- alert("true");
- }else{
- alert("false");
- }
- </script>
- lt;/head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口true.
2.三元运算符?:.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>VarTest2</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var varTest2=2;
- alert(varTest2==1?"1":"2");
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口2.
3.条件语句switch.
- <html>
- lt;head>
- <title>VarTest3</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var varTest3=2;
- switch(varTest3){
- case 1:
- alert("1");
- break;
- case 2:
- alert("2");
- break;
- default:
- alert("other");
- break;
- }
- </script>
- lt;/head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口2.
4.循环语句for.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>VarTest4</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var sum=0;
- for(var i=0; i<=100; i++){
- sum+=i;
- }
- alert(sum);
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口5050.
5.循环语句while.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>VarTest5</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var sum=0;
- var i=0;
- while(i<=100){
- sum+=i;
- i++;
- }
- alert(sum);
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口5050.
6.循环语句do while.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>VarTest6</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var i=10000;
- do{
- i++;
- }while(i<=100);
- alert(i);
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口10001.注意与while循环的区别是do while循环无论如何都会执行一次.
7.跳出循环语句break.
- <html>
- lt;head>
- <title>VarTest7</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- for(var i=0; i<=100; i++){
- if(i==50){
- break;
- }
- }
- alert(i);
- </script>
- lt;/head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口50.
8.跳出循环语句continue.
- <html>
- lt;head>
- <title>VarTest8</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var sum=0;
- for(var i=0; i<=100; i++){
- if(i==50){
- continue;
- }
- sum+=i;
- }
- alert(sum);
- </script>
- lt;/head>
- </html>
结果输出窗口时5000.
break和continue都是跳出循环,区别是break是跳出整个循环,continue是跳出本次循环.
9.++i和i++的区别.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>VarTest9</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var i=0;
- var j=0;
- alert("i++="+(i++)+",i="+i+":++j="+(++j)+",j="+j);
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口i++=0,i=1:++j=1,j=1.
x++和x++都会是x本身加1,两者的区别是前者是先赋值后加1,而后者的区别是先加1,后赋值.
javasctipt的基本语法就讲到这里,请继续关注我的博客与我一起学习javascript.
javascript基础学习-语法学习(三)
1.javascript中数组的用法.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>ArrayTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var array=new Array(3);
- array[0]=1;
- array[1]=2;
- array[2]=3;
- array[3]=4;
- document.write(array[0]);
- document.write(array[1]);
- document.write(array[2]);
- document.write(array[3]);
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
2.javascript中关于操作字符串的charAt方法.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>StringTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var str="StringTest";
- document.write(str.charAt(2));
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
3.javascript中function函数的使用.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>FunctionTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function test() {
- alert("FunctionTest!");
- }
- test();
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
5.javascript中事件的使用.
a.onLoad和onUnload事件.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>EventTest1</title>
- </head>
- <body onload="javascropt:alert('onLoad')" onUnload="javascript:alert('onUnload')">
- </body>
- </html>
b.onSubmit事件.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>EventTest2</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="EventTest2" action="EventTest1.html" onSubmit="return true">
- <input type="submit" value="ok">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
如果将return true改为return false,那么ok按钮无论怎么按都不会跳到action指向的html页面.
onSubmit事件的用途主要是表单的验证,看如下小程序.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>EventTest3</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function check(){
- if(document.form.username.value==""){
- alert("用户名不允许为空!");
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="form" action="EventTest1.html" onSubmit="return check()">
- <input type="text" name="username">
- <input type="submit" value="ok">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
c.onClick事件.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>EventTest4</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <image src="EventTest4.jpg" onClick="alert('onClick')">
- </body>
- </html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>EventTest5</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <image src="EventTest4.jpg" onMouseOver="alert('over')" onMouseOut="alert('out')">
- </body>
- </html>
javascript语法由三部分组成:ECMAScript,DOM(文档对象模型)和BOM(浏览器对象模型).
本篇博客简单介绍一下javascript中的内置对象.
1.js弹出框.
a.alert提示框.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>AlertTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- alert("AlertTest");
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果弹出窗口AlertTest.
b.prompt输入框.
- <html>
- lt;head>
- <title>PromptTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var userName=prompt("请输入姓名");
- document.write("你好:"+userName);
- </script>
- lt;/head>
- </html>
结果弹出输入框,填入值后,在页面取到并做显示.
c.Confirm确认框.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>ConfirmTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function confirmTest() {
- if(confirm("确定要删除吗?"){
- document.form.submit();
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="form" action="deleteSuccess.html" method="post">
- <input type="button" value="删除" onclick="javascript:confirmTest()">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
结果弹出是否删除确认窗口.
2.this.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>ThisTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function thisTest(obj) {
- if(obj.value==""){
- alert("空值!");
- }else{
- alert(obj.value);
- }
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <image src="ThisTest.jpg" onclick="javascript:alert(this.src)">
- <form name="form">
- <input type="text" name="uername" value="ThisTest" onclick="javascript:thisTest(this)">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
结果略.
3.for in遍历对象.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>ForInTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var array=new Array("a","b","c");
- for(i in array){
- document.write(i+":"+array[i] +"<br>");
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果页面显示0:a 1:b 2:c.
4.with建立一个默认的对象.
- <html>
- lt;head>
- <title>WithTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- with(document){
- write("WithTest1");
- write("WithTest2");
- write("WithTest3");
- write("WithTest4");
- }
- </script>
- lt;/head>
- </html>
结果页面显示WithTest1WithTest2WithTest3WithTest4.
5.new.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>NewTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var date=new Date();
- alert(date.getDate());
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果页面显示当前日期的日子的号码(1-31).
6.window当前浏览器窗口.
a.状态窗口.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>WindowTest1</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- windows.status="WindowsTest";
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="form">
- <input type="button" value="window" onMouseOver="javascript:windows.status='change'">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
结果页面的状态窗口显示WindowTest,当鼠标挪到鼠标时,状态窗口显示change.
b.window.open弹出新窗口.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>WindowTest2</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- window.open("Window.html","windowname","toolbar=no,left=200,top=200,menubar=no,width=100;height=100,resizable=no");
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果弹出一个子窗口,各种属性如上.
c.window.close窗口的深入使用.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>WindowTest3</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- var win=window.open("Window.html","windowname","toolbar=no,left=200,top=200,menubar=no,width=100;height=100,resizable=no");
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="form">
- <input type="button" onclick="javascript:win.close();" value="关闭窗口">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
结果页面弹出一个窗口,并且主页面有一个关闭按钮,点击关闭按钮,子页面被关闭.
7. winodw.loaction地址栏内容.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>WindowLoactionTest</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- alert(window.location);
- </script>
- </head>
- </html>
结果页面显示当前页面的url.
8.转向指定页面.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>WindowLoactionTest2</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function go(){
- window.location="WindowLoactionTest2.html";
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="form">
- <input type="button" value="转向" onclick="javascript:go()">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
9.页面返回.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>WindowLoactionTest3</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function goBack(){
- history.back();
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- 转向成功!
- <form name="form">
- <input type="button" value="转向" onclick="javascript:goBack()">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
注意:如果想要IE支持调试js bug,需要对IE做一下特殊配置:IE:工具-Internet选项-高级-打开禁用脚本调试.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>FormTest1</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function validateData(){
- if(document.form.username.value==""){
- alert("请输入用户名");
- return false;
- }else if(document.form.username.value.length<6||document.form.username.value.length>12){
- alert("请输入用户名:6-12位字符");
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="form" action="RegisterSuccess.html" onSubmit="return validateData()">
- <input type="text" name="username" value="请输入用户名:6-12位字符" size="30">
- <input type="submit" name="register" value="注册">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>FormTest2</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function validateData(){
- if(document.form.username.value==""){
- document.getElementById("usernameerror").innerHTML="请输入用户名";
- return false;
- }else if(document.form.username.value.length<6||document.form.username.value.length>12){
- document.getElementById("usernameerror").innerHTML="请输入用户名:6-12位字符";
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form name="form" action="RegisterSuccess.html" onSubmit="return validateData()">
- <input type="text" name="username" value="请输入用户名:6-12位字符" size="30">
- <span id="usernameerror"></span>
- <input type="submit" name="register" value="注册">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
div会另起一行显示,而span因为是行内快所以会和文本框在同一行显示.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>FrameTest1</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- 我是主页面.
- <table width="100%" align="center" border="1">
- <tr>
- <td>
- <iframe name="child" width="100%" height="20%" src="Child.html"></iframe>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </body>
- </html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Child</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- 我是内帧.
- </body>
- </html>
2.通过上面的小例子我们知道了如何通过ifame标签将一个html页面嵌入到另一个html页面中,通过这点我们可以搭建自己的html框架.
注意frameset标签不能放在body标签中.
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>FrameTest2</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- leftState=0;
- </script>
- </head>
- <frameset rows="20%,*" cols="*" border="1">
- <frame name="top" scrolling="no" src="Top.html" noresize>
- <frameset name="bottom" cols="20%,*" rows="*" border="1">
- <frame name="left" scrolling="yes" src="Left.html">
- <frame name="right" scrolling="yes" src="Right.html">
- </frameset>
- </frameset>
- </html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Child</title>
- <script language="javascript">
- function operate(){
- if(parent.leftState==0){
- parent.leftState=1;
- parent.bottom.cols="*,100%";
- }else{
- parent.leftState=0;
- parent.bottom.cols="20%,*";
- }
- parent.bottom.location.reload();
- }
- </script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <input type="button" name="operate" value="change" onClick="operate()">
- </body>
- </html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Child</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- 我是Left.
- </body>
- </html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Child</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- 我是Right.
- </body>
- </html>
访问FrameTest2.html文件,在top上面有一个change按钮,点击按钮,可以实现隐藏左边页面的功能,或者说是放大右边页面的功能.
总之通过上面的小例子我们可以借助frame搭建一个很实用的html框架.抓紧时间试试吧!