qt-5.6.0 移植之qt源码编译
其实这只是给自己看的一个configure选项笔记,没有太多的东西。
首先: 下载qt5.6的源码:
地址: http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.6/
下载完解压: tar -xvf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.6.0.tar.gz
解压完进入源代码 : 修改几个东西:
1. 进入qtbase/mkspecs 里面, 复制一份linux-arm-gnueabi-g++ ,名字为linux-arm
在进入 linux-arm 里面, vi qmake.conf , 把里面的代码改为自己平台架构以及自己交叉编译器,我的更改如下:
1 # 2 # qmake configuration for building with arm-linux-gnueabi-g++ 3 # 4 5 MAKEFILE_GENERATOR = UNIX 6 CONFIG += incremental 7 QMAKE_INCREMENTAL_STYLE = sublib 8 9 QT_QPA_DEFAULT_PLATFORM = linuxfb 10 QMAKE_CFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv7-a 11 QMAKE_CXXFLAGS_RELEASE += -O2 -march=armv7-a 12 13 QMAKE_INCDIR += $(TSLIB)/include 14 QMAKE_LIBDIR += $(TSLIB)/lib 15 16 include(../common/linux.conf) 17 include(../common/gcc-base-unix.conf) 18 include(../common/g++-unix.conf) 19 20 # modifications to g++.conf 21 QMAKE_CC = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-gcc 22 QMAKE_CXX = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-g++ 23 QMAKE_LINK = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-g++ 24 QMAKE_LINK_SHLIB = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-g++ 25 # modifications to linux.conf 26 QMAKE_AR = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-ar cqs 27 QMAKE_OBJCOPY = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-objcopy 28 QMAKE_NM = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-nm -P 29 QMAKE_STRIP = arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-strip 30 load(qt_config) 31 ~
我的架构是armv7-a , 我的交叉编译器的前缀是 arm-arago-linux-gnueabi-
可能你们的架构有可能是armv5 的, 交叉编译器可能是 arm-none-linux-gnueabi- 的,在这里提醒大家要注意了。
改完这些回到顶层目录,分析configure 的选项。我今天准备一个个分析。
在qt5.6 源码顶层目录下 , 敲: ./configure --help , 它就会把所有的configure的选项都罗列出来:
下面来一个个分析:
-prefix <dir> ...... The deployment directory, as seen on the target device. (default /usr/local/Qt-5.6.0, $PWD if -developer-build is active)
第一个参数: -prefix <dir> 这个指定 make 完成后make install 的目录,不指定的话默认是/usr/local/Qt-5.6.0
-extprefix <dir> ... The installation directory, as seen on the host machine. (default SYSROOT/PREFIX) -hostprefix [dir] .. The installation directory for build tools running on the host machine. If [dir] is not given, the current build directory will be used. (default EXTPREFIX)
这两个参数就没有什么好介绍的了, 一个是如果指定了sysroot 目录, 他会去安装了sysroot/$PREFIX 目录下,一个是直接安装到$EXTPREFIX目录。
You may use these to change the layout of the install. Note that all directories except -sysconfdir should be located under -prefix/-hostprefix: -bindir <dir> ......... User executables will be installed to <dir> (default PREFIX/bin) -headerdir <dir> ...... Headers will be installed to <dir> (default PREFIX/include) -libdir <dir> ......... Libraries will be installed to <dir> (default PREFIX/lib) -archdatadir <dir> .... Arch-dependent data used by Qt will be installed to <dir> (default PREFIX) -plugindir <dir> ...... Plugins will be installed to <dir> (default ARCHDATADIR/plugins) -libexecdir <dir> ..... Program executables will be installed to <dir> (default ARCHDATADIR/libexec, ARCHDATADIR/bin for MinGW) -importdir <dir> ...... Imports for QML1 will be installed to <dir> (default ARCHDATADIR/imports) -qmldir <dir> ......... Imports for QML2 will be installed to <dir> (default ARCHDATADIR/qml) -datadir <dir> ........ Arch-independent data used by Qt will be installed to <dir> (default PREFIX) -docdir <dir> ......... Documentation will be installed to <dir> (default DATADIR/doc) -translationdir <dir> . Translations of Qt programs will be installed to <dir> (default DATADIR/translations) -sysconfdir <dir> ..... Settings used by Qt programs will be looked for in <dir> (default PREFIX/etc/xdg) -examplesdir <dir> .... Examples will be installed to <dir> (default PREFIX/examples) -testsdir <dir> ....... Tests will be installed to <dir> (default PREFIX/tests) -hostbindir <dir> .. Host executables will be installed to <dir> (default HOSTPREFIX/bin) -hostlibdir <dir> .. Host libraries will be installed to <dir> (default HOSTPREFIX/lib) -hostdatadir <dir> . Data used by qmake will be installed to <dir> (default HOSTPREFIX)
这些选项的话是可以改变你的你的所有子目录的安装目录。 比如说Qt-5.6.0/bin 的安装目录或是其实的一些目录
下面是一些配置选项:
* -release ........... Compile and link Qt with debugging turned off. -debug ............. Compile and link Qt with debugging turned on. -debug-and-release . Compile and link two versions of Qt, with and without debugging turned on (Mac only). -force-debug-info .. Create symbol files for release builds. -developer-build ... Compile and link Qt with Qt developer options (including auto-tests exporting)
第一个,--release 编译以及链接qt 但是关闭调试。一般的话交叉编译qt的源码都选择这个选项。
-debug , 开启调试的接口
-debug-and-release 编译成上面连个版本。
-force-debug-info 创建字符文件为了记录版本(不知道是不是正确,没有验证过)。
-developer-build 编译和链接qt 而且加入开发者选项(包含自己测试输出)。
* -no-optimized-tools ... Do not build optimized host tools even in debug build. -optimized-tools ...... Build optimized host tools even in debug build. -opensource ........ Compile and link the Open-Source Edition of Qt. -commercial ........ Compile and link the Commercial Edition of Qt. -confirm-license ... Automatically acknowledge the license (use with either -opensource or -commercial) -c++std <edition> .. Compile Qt with C++ standard edition (c++98, c++11, c++14, c++1z) Default: highest supported
前面两个是 是否要建立优化主工具当调试的时候,一般我会选择 -no-optimized-tools
-opensource 编译和链接开源QT版本,一般的话我们都是使用的开源的QT版本。
-commercial 编译和链接商业QT版本。
-onfirm-license 自动确认是否是开源还是商业的。
-c++std <> 编译QT 是使用的什么版本的c++ ,默认为最高版本
* -shared ............ Create and use shared Qt libraries. -static ............ Create and use static Qt libraries. -no-largefile ...... Disables large file support. + -largefile ......... Enables Qt to access files larger than 4 GB. -no-accessibility .. Do not compile Accessibility support. Disabling accessibility is not recommended, as it will break QStyle and may break other internal parts of Qt. With this switch you create a source incompatible version of Qt, which is unsupported. + -accessibility ..... Compile Accessibility support. -no-sql-<driver> ... Disable SQL <driver> entirely. -qt-sql-<driver> ... Enable a SQL <driver> in the Qt SQL module, by default none are turned on.
第一个比较容易理解: 是编译成动态库还是静态库,一般的话我们编译的都是动态库,这样的话软件的大小不会那么大, 选择的是 -shared
第二个是是否允许大文件支持, 这个我还没没有试过。 一般我选择的都是默认的,默认是 -largefile
第三个是易接近支持, 因为不同版本的qt都做了一些相关的改动, 一般的话我都选择默认, 这样的话可以提高软件的可移植性。 -accessibility
第四个是SQL 驱动模块的指定。我这里是没有这个模块的驱动的,所以我不去指定这个选项一般
-plugin-sql-<driver> Enable SQL <driver> as a plugin to be linked to at run time. Possible values for <driver>: [ db2 ibase mysql oci odbc psql sqlite sqlite2 tds ] -system-sqlite ..... Use sqlite from the operating system. -no-qml-debug ...... Do not build the in-process QML debugging support. + -qml-debug ......... Build the QML debugging support. -platform target ... The operating system and compiler you are building on (default detected from host system). See the README file for a list of supported operating systems and compilers.
前面两个还是关于sql 的。一个允许sql作为一个插件在运行的时候,一个使用系统的sqlite
下面那个是指定是否编译QML 调试支持, 一般我选择的是:-no-qml-debug
第三块是选择目标平台:默认是选择本机的操作系统, 阅读顶层目录的readme 可以知道支持哪些操作系统。
-no-sse2 ........... Do not compile with use of SSE2 instructions. -no-sse3 ........... Do not compile with use of SSE3 instructions. -no-ssse3 .......... Do not compile with use of SSSE3 instructions. -no-sse4.1 ......... Do not compile with use of SSE4.1 instructions. -no-sse4.2 ......... Do not compile with use of SSE4.2 instructions. -no-avx ............ Do not compile with use of AVX instructions. -no-avx2 ........... Do not compile with use of AVX2 instructions. -no-mips_dsp ....... Do not compile with use of MIPS DSP instructions. -no-mips_dspr2 ..... Do not compile with use of MIPS DSP rev2 instructions.
这些选项我都没有研究过是干嘛的。所以我一般我不指定他
-qtnamespace <name> Wraps all Qt library code in 'namespace <name> {...}'. -qtlibinfix <infix> Renames all libQt*.so to libQt*<infix>.so. -testcocoon ........ Instrument Qt with the TestCocoon code coverage tool. -gcov .............. Instrument Qt with the GCov code coverage tool. -D <string> ........ Add an explicit define to the preprocessor. -I <string> ........ Add an explicit include path. -L <string> ........ Add an explicit library path.
第一个是qt命名空间的, 一般不修改。
第二个是对qt库的重命名,加一些后缀。一般我们也用不到。
第三第四个是关于testcocoon 和 GCov的工具,一般我也不会去指定
后面三个第一个是 在预处理的时候加一个前缀,第二个是添加一个额外的头文件目录,第三个是添加一个额外的库目录
+ -pkg-config ........ Use pkg-config to detect include and library paths. By default, configure determines whether to use pkg-config or not with some heuristics such as checking the environment variables. -no-pkg-config ..... Disable use of pkg-config. -force-pkg-config .. Force usage of pkg-config (skips pkg-config usability detection heuristic). -help, -h .......... Display this information.
第一个是指定是否支持pkg-config 它回去寻找属于你的头文件以及库,后面还有一个强迫使用,意思就是必须使用。
第二个是打印帮助。
下面是第三方库的问题。这个东西相当的麻烦,说句实话,我就是因为这个问题停在这里两天了。所以我才来跟一下这个配置选项,看一下是不是我的配置出了问题
Third Party Libraries: -qt-zlib ............ Use the zlib bundled with Qt. + -system-zlib ........ Use zlib from the operating system. See http://www.gzip.org/zlib -no-mtdev ........... Do not compile mtdev support. + -mtdev .............. Enable mtdev support. + -no-journald ........ Do not send logging output to journald. -journald ........... Send logging output to journald. + -no-syslog .......... Do not send logging output to syslog. -syslog ............. Send logging output to syslog. -no-gif ............. Do not compile GIF reading support. -no-libpng .......... Do not compile PNG support. -qt-libpng .......... Use the libpng bundled with Qt. + -system-libpng ...... Use libpng from the operating system. See http://www.libpng.org/pub/png -no-libjpeg ......... Do not compile JPEG support. -qt-libjpeg ......... Use the libjpeg bundled with Qt. + -system-libjpeg ..... Use libjpeg from the operating system. See http://www.ijg.org
第一个是zlib 库, 默认是系统的zlib , 但是我们要选 -qt-zlib ,不要问我为什么, 因为我现在是在做移植,系统的是X86架构的,板子不一样。
第二个是mtdev 支持, 是触摸屏多点控制协议的支持。如果你的触摸屏要多点控制,那就加上。 -medev.
第三个是输入日志支持,有必要的话可以加上。 -syslog , 一般的话我选择默认。
第四个是指定没有gif 阅读功能 , 我都不需要这个功能, 所以我会加上 -no-gif。
第五个是指定是否支持PNG 这个我一般也是会加上 -no-libpng , 或者是-qt-libpng。
第六个是指定jpeg 库支持, 和上面那个同理,-no-libjpeg或者是 -qt-libjpeg。
-no-freetype ........ Do not compile in Freetype2 support. -qt-freetype ........ Use the libfreetype bundled with Qt. + -system-freetype..... Use the libfreetype provided by the system (enabled if -fontconfig is active). See http://www.freetype.org -no-harfbuzz ........ Do not compile HarfBuzz-NG support. * -qt-harfbuzz ........ Use HarfBuzz-NG bundled with Qt to do text shaping. It can still be disabled by setting the QT_HARFBUZZ environment variable to "old". -system-harfbuzz .... Use HarfBuzz-NG from the operating system to do text shaping. It can still be disabled by setting the QT_HARFBUZZ environment variable to "old". See http://www.harfbuzz.org -no-openssl ......... Do not compile support for OpenSSL. + -openssl ............ Enable run-time OpenSSL support. -openssl-linked ..... Enabled linked OpenSSL support. -no-libproxy ....... Do not compile support for libproxy + -libproxy .......... Use libproxy from the operating system.
第一个是 freetype2 的编译支持。 一般我会选择-no-freetype 或者是-qt-freetype . 原则是只要是有关操作系统,最好不要有system 字眼。
第二个是有关字体的。一般我会选择-qt-harfbuzz.
第三个是 openssl ,一般我会选择-no-openssl 。
第四个是 proxy , 最好不要搭上本机操作系统 , -no-libproxy
-qt-pcre ............ Use the PCRE library bundled with Qt. + -system-pcre ........ Use the PCRE library from the operating system. -qt-xcb ............. Use xcb- libraries bundled with Qt. (libxcb.so will still be used from operating system). + -system-xcb ......... Use xcb- libraries from the operating system. -xkb-config-root .... Set default XKB config root. This option is used only together with -qt-xkbcommon-x11. -qt-xkbcommon-x11 ... Use the xkbcommon library bundled with Qt in combination with xcb. + -system-xkbcommon-x11 Use the xkbcommon library from the operating system in combination with xcb. -no-xkbcommon-evdev . Do not use X-less xkbcommon when compiling libinput support. * -xkbcommon-evdev .... Use X-less xkbcommon when compiling libinput support.
pcre 是一个c语言编写的正则表达式库,这里的话可以不指定。
xcb 这里的话我指定的是qt-xcb
xkb 这里的话我没去搭理他,
-no-xinput2 ......... Do not compile XInput2 support. * -xinput2 ............ Compile XInput2 support. -no-xcb-xlib......... Do not compile Xcb-Xlib support. * -xcb-xlib............ Compile Xcb-Xlib support. -no-glib ............ Do not compile Glib support. + -glib ............... Compile Glib support. -no-pulseaudio ...... Do not compile PulseAudio support. + -pulseaudio ......... Compile PulseAudio support. -no-alsa ............ Do not compile ALSA support. + -alsa ............... Compile ALSA support. -no-gtkstyle ........ Do not compile GTK theme support. + -gtkstyle ........... Compile GTK theme support.
xinput2 是关乎多点触摸的, 现在我还没有用到,所以我忽略了他。
xcb-xlib 我也没有去管他。
glib 我是直接给了 -no-glib
pulseaudio 这是关于声音系统的。我给了是默认
alsa 这是音频子系统的支持。 也是默认就行了。
gtkstype GTK 主题支持,这个还是算了吧,我只求能移植成功,功能不要太炫。
下面是一些另外的选项了
Additional options: -make <part> ....... Add part to the list of parts to be built at make time. (defaults to: libs tools examples) -nomake <part> ..... Exclude part from the list of parts to be built. -skip <module> ..... Exclude an entire module from the build. -no-compile-examples ... Install only the sources of examples. -no-gui ............ Don't build the Qt GUI module and dependencies. + -gui ............... Build the Qt GUI module and dependencies. -no-widgets ........ Don't build the Qt Widgets module and dependencies. + -widgets ........... Build the Qt Widgets module and dependencies.
第一个是让你选择要不要编译某些另外的模块, 比如说libs , tools , examples .我现在是把所有的加上,因为移植进去了就可以直接用 examples里面的程序执行看一下是否移植成功。
第二项是 gui 支持,我直接加上吧。
第三个 widgets 也是差不多,也是直接上了。
-R <string> ........ Add an explicit runtime library path to the Qt libraries. -l <string> ........ Add an explicit library. -no-rpath .......... Do not use the library install path as a runtime library path. On Apple platforms, this implies using absolute install names (based in -libdir) for dynamic libraries and frameworks. + -rpath ............. Link Qt libraries and executables using the library install path as a runtime library path. Equivalent to -R install_libpath -continue .......... Continue as far as possible if an error occurs. -verbose, -v ....... Print verbose information about each step of the configure process. -silent ............ Reduce the build output so that warnings and errors can be seen more easily.
第一项是添加一个库在Qt程序执行时,这个我不管我选默认。
第二项是添加一个库
我一般给这个rpath 给默认值。
-continue 是指定如果出现某个错误指令继续的命令。
-v 是指打印详细的信息关于每个配置程序。
-silent 是指定减少输出的信息,这样的话查找错误就更容易。
-no-cups ........... Do not compile CUPS support. * -cups .............. Compile CUPS support. Requires cups/cups.h and libcups.so.2. -no-iconv .......... Do not compile support for iconv(3). * -iconv ............. Compile support for iconv(3). -no-evdev .......... Do not compile support for evdev. * -evdev ............. Compile support for evdev. -no-tslib .......... Do not compile support for tslib. * -tslib ............. Compile support for tslib. -no-icu ............ Do not compile support for ICU libraries. + -icu ............... Compile support for ICU libraries.
-cups 是打印管理的一个支持, 一般的话选择默认就好。
-iconv 这是文本编码转化功能,这个网上有些教程说应该去掉这个功能 所以选择 -no-iconv, 目前还没有试验。
-evdev 这个选择默认就行。
-tslib 这个是触摸屏矫正的一个功能。这个还是要加上。
-icu 这个选项还是选择默认。
-no-linuxfb ........ Do not compile Linux Framebuffer support. * -linuxfb ........... Compile Linux Framebuffer support. -no-opengl .......... Do not support OpenGL. -opengl <api> ....... Enable OpenGL support With no parameter, this will attempt to auto-detect OpenGL ES 2.0 and higher, or regular desktop OpenGL. Use es2 for <api> to override auto-detection.
这连个选项, 使用linuxfb 的支持已经忽略opengl
-linux -no-opengl
1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 4 ./configure \ 5 -prefix /home/desk/7109/qtsrc/qt-src \ 6 -confirm-license \ 7 -opensource \ 8 -release \ 9 -make libs \ 10 -xplatform linux-arm \ 11 -optimized-qmake \ 12 -linuxfb \ 13 -pch \ 14 -qt-sql-sqlite \ 15 -qt-libjpeg \ 16 -qt-libpng \ 17 -qt-zlib \ 18 -tslib \ 19 -no-opengl \ 20 -no-sse2 \ 21 -no-openssl \ 22 -no-nis \ 23 -no-cups \ 24 -no-glib \ 25 -no-dbus \ 26 -no-xcb \ 27 -no-xcursor -no-xfixes -no-xrandr -no-xrender \ 28 -no-separate-debug-info \ 29 -make examples -nomake tools -nomake tests -no-iconv 30
然后, make -j4
sudo make install