ubuntu环境nginx安装使用
方法一: 源码安装
1.官网地址下载对应版本
https://nginx.org/en/download.html
以 nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz 为例
使用xshell/xftp等工具上传到服务器节点
2.解压压缩包
tar -zxvf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz
3.安装依赖
sudoaptinstallbuild-essential libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libssl-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev
4.配置
cd nginx-1.22.0/
#http模式配置,--prefix指定安装目录
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx #或者 #带https模块配置 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
#编译
make
#安装
make install
方法二: 二进制安装
apt install nginx
启动命令
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin #启动命令 ./nginx #关闭命令 ./nginx -s stop # 重写加载配置文件 ./nginx -s reload
验证安装版本
ps -ef | grep nginx root 898799 1 0 01:11 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx nobody 898800 898799 0 01:11 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 898806 886568 0 01:12 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx ./nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.22.0 built by gcc 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) built with OpenSSL 1.1.1f 31 Mar 2020 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
nginx首页页面:
云服务器放开出入方向规则(以华为云为例):
华为云==>安全组==>入方向规则 查看80端口是否开放,如未开放则添加;
防火墙查看80端口(以iptables防火墙为例):
#查看80端口 iptables -L -n | grep 80 #允许所有服务器访问指定端口80 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
首页默认端口号80, 网址: http://ip:80 或http://ip
配置文件
默认配置文件 /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
方向代理场修改的地方:
http==> server==>location
其中location中 root alias proxy_pass:
root: root指定的目录是上级目录,path匹配的整个路径会追加,即root+path;
alias: alias指定的目录必须带/,path匹配后面的内容会在alias指定的目录下查找,即alias+匹配到path路径后面的部分;
proxy_pass: path有无斜杠无影响,主要看proxy_pass有没有斜杠;proxy_pass没有的话,proxy_pass+path;有的话(包括端口和上下文都是一样的),proxy_pass+匹配到path路径后面的部分;
例:
#user nobody;
user root;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /api {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/api;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
注意: 第一行 "#user nobody;" 需变更为 "user root;", 使nginx的线程的用户为同一个用户名下;
保存退出,并重加载
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin ./nginx -s reload
# 建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
查看日志
默认日志路径: /usr/local/nginx/logs
(base) root@ecs-df00:/usr/local/nginx/logs# pwd /usr/local/nginx/logs (base) root@ecs-df00:/usr/local/nginx/logs# ll total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 01:11 ./ drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Sep 23 01:11 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2209 Sep 26 00:43 access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1835 Sep 26 00:43 error.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Sep 23 01:11 nginx.pid
