Android基础(三) 数据库SQLite

1.SQLite的特点

    比较小巧,适合在小型设备上使用

    Android手机自带SQLite

    SQLite除了主键意外,不区分数据类型

    SQLite语句和MySQL语句基本相同

2.创建数据库

    定义类继承SQLiteOpenHelper,该类没有无参的构造函数,必须调用有参数的构造函数,分别传入:环境对象、数据库名称、游标工厂和数据库版本。

    需要重写两个抽象方法:onCreate()和onUpgrade(),用于创建或更新修改数据库。

    使用数据库:创建该类的对象,调用getWritableDatabase()或者getReadableDatabase()方法即可获取到SQLiteDatabase对象,该对象可以执行SQL语句;

    情况1:数据库不存在时,创建数据库执行onCreate()方法

    情况2:数据库存在,版本未变,直接打开数据库,不执行任何方法

    情况3:数据库存在,版本发生改变,打开数据库,执行onUpgrade()方法

3.增删改查

    增删改时需要使用getWritableDatabase()方法得到SQLiteDatabase对象,然后调用execSQL()方法来执行SQL语句。

    查询时要使用getReadableDatabase()方法来得到SQLiteDatabase对象,然后调用rawQuery()方法查询得到Cursor,然后调用moveToNext()方法移动Cursor,使用getString()、getInt()等方法来获取对应数据。

public class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

	public MyOpenHelper(Context context) {
		super(context, "xxx.db", null, 1);
		/*
		 * 参数1:Context,用来确认数据库文件的位置
		 * 参数2:数据库文件的名称
		 * 参数3:用来创建游标对象的工厂,null代表使用默认工厂
		 * 参数4:数据库版本,从1开始
		 */
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
		db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE person(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,name VARCHAR(20))");
	}

	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
		db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE person ADD balance INTEGER");
	}

}
public class PersonDaoClassic {
	private MyOpenHelper helper;
	
	public PersonDaoClassic(Context context){
		helper = new MyOpenHelper(context);
	}
	
	public void insert(Person p){
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
		db.execSQL("INSERT INTO person(name,balance) VALUES(?,?)",new Object[]{p.getName(),p.getBalance()});
		db.close();
	}
	
	public void delete(int id){
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
		db.execSQL("DELETE FROM person WHERE id=?",new Object[]{id});
		db.close();
	}
	
	public void update(Person p){
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
		db.execSQL("UPDATE person SET name=?,balance=? WHERE id=?",new Object[]{p.getName(),p.getBalance(),p.getId()});
		db.close();
	}
	
	public Person query(int id){
		Person p = null;
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery("SELECT name,balance FROM person WHERE id=?",  new String[]{id+""});//查询获得游标(结果集)
		if(c.moveToNext()){//把游标向后移一位,判断是否有数据
			String name = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name"));//先根据列名获得索引,再根据索引获取数据
			int balance = c.getInt(1);//由于知道balance的索引,所以直接通过索引获取数据
			p = new Person(id, name, balance);
		}
		
		c.close();
		db.close();
		return p;
	}
	
	public List<Person> queryAll(){
		List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM person", null);
		while(c.moveToNext()){
			int id = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("id"));
			String name = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name"));
			int balance = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("balance"));
			persons.add(new Person(id, name, balance));
		}
		c.close();
		db.close();
		return persons;
	}
	
	public List<Person> queryPage(int pageNum,int pageSize){
		int offset = (pageNum-1)*pageSize;
		List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM person LIMIT ?,?", new String[]{offset+"",pageSize+""});
		
		while(c.moveToNext()){
			int id = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("id"));
			String name=c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name"));
			int balance = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("balance"));
			persons.add(new Person(id, name, balance));
		}
		
		c.close();
		db.close();
		return persons;
	}
}
public class Person {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Integer balance;
	public Person() {
		super();
	}
	public Person(String name, Integer balance) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.balance = balance;
	}
	public Person(Integer id, String name, Integer balance) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.balance = balance;
	}
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getBalance() {
		return balance;
	}
	public void setBalance(Integer balance) {
		this.balance = balance;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", balance=" + balance+"]";
	}
	
	
}

4.另一种增删改查

    使用insert()、delete()、update()、query()四个方法,而不是用SQL语句,通过传入一些参数,方法内部自动拼装SQL语句。

public class PersonDao {
	private MyOpenHelper helper;
	
	public PersonDao(Context context){
		helper = new MyOpenHelper(context);
	}
	
	public long insert(Person p){
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();//这是一个Map,用来装载要插入的列名和值
		values.put("name", p.getName());
		values.put("balance", p.getBalance());
		long id = db.insert("person", "id", values);//向person表中插入values中的数据,得到新纪录的id。第二个参数可以为null
													//如果values中的键值都为null时,此时插入的是空记录(第二个参数不能为null)
		db.close();
		return id;
	}
	
	public int delete(int id){
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
		int rows = db.delete("person", "id=?", new String[]{id+""});//删除指定条件的记录,返回值为影响到的行数
		db.close();
		return rows;
	}
	
	public int update(Person p){
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put("name", p.getName());
		values.put("balance", p.getBalance());
		int rows = db.update("person", values, "id=?", new String[]{p.getId()+""});
		db.close();
		return rows;
	}
	
	public Person query(int id){
		Person p = null;
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.query("person", new String[]{"name","balance"}, "id=?", new String[]{id+""}, null, null, null);
		if(c.moveToNext()){//把游标向后移一位,判断是否有数据
			String name = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name"));//先根据列名获得索引,再根据索引获取数据
			int balance = c.getInt(1);//由于知道balance的索引,所以直接通过索引获取数据
			p = new Person(id, name, balance);
		}
		
		c.close();
		db.close();
		return p;
	}
	
	public List<Person> queryAll(){
		List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.query("person", null, null, null,null, null, "balance DESC", null);
		while(c.moveToNext()){
			int id = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("id"));
			String name = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name"));
			int balance = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("balance"));
			persons.add(new Person(id, name, balance));
		}
		c.close();
		db.close();
		return persons;
	}
	
	public List<Person> queryPage(int pageNum,int pageSize){
		int offset = (pageNum-1)*pageSize;
		List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.query("person", null, null, null,null, null, null, offset+","+pageSize);
		
		while(c.moveToNext()){
			int id = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("id"));
			String name=c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("name"));
			int balance = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("balance"));
			persons.add(new Person(id, name, balance));
		}
		
		c.close();
		db.close();
		return persons;
	}
	
	public Cursor queryAllCusor(){
		SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
		return db.query("person", new String[]{"id as _id","name","balance"}, null, null, null, null, null);
	}
}

该方法适用于ContentProvider中,在ContentProvider中的一些回调函数的参数就是表名和数据,直接调用这四个方法执行操作即可。

posted on 2013-04-20 19:55  foolchen  阅读(274)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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