(转)Android蓝牙开发浅析
2012-08-02 10:57 ...平..淡... 阅读(846) 评论(1) 编辑 收藏 举报
1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
2. 打开蓝牙
在这里首先要了解蓝牙操作的一个核心类BluetoothAdapter,对蓝牙操作首先就需要有一个BluetoothAdapter实例。常用的几个方法如下:
- getDefaultAdapter()——获取本地的蓝牙设备
- enable()——打开蓝牙设备
- disable()——关闭蓝牙设备
- startDiscovery()——蓝牙设备开始搜索周边设备
- cancelDiscovery()——取消本地蓝牙设备的搜索操作,如果本地设备正在进行搜索,那么调用该方法后将停止搜索操作。
- getAddress()——获取蓝牙设备的MAC地址。
- getName()——获取本地蓝牙的名称
- getRemoteDevice(String address)——根据远程设备的MAC地址来获取远程设备
1 // 获取本地的蓝牙适配器实例 2 BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 3 if(adapter!=null) 4 { 5 if(!adapter.isEnabled()) 6 { 7 //通过这个方法来请求打开我们的蓝牙设备 8 Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); 9 startActivityForResult(intent); 10 11 //不做提示,强行打开 12 //mAdapter.enable(); 13 } 14 } 15 else 16 { 17 System.out.println("本地设备驱动异常!"); 18 } 19
3.搜索蓝牙设备
这里可以细分为几个方面
(1)如果要使本机蓝牙能够被其他手机蓝牙发现,则通过调用startActivityForResult(Intent, int) 方法,其中,intent带有ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE的请求。
If you would like to make the local device discoverable to other devices, call startActivityForResult(Intent, int) with the ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE action Intent.
1 //使本机蓝牙在300秒内可被搜索 2 private void ensureDiscoverable() { 3 if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) { 4 //打开本机的蓝牙发现功能(默认打开120秒,可以将时间最多延长至300秒) 5 Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); 6 discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间(最多300秒) 7 startActivity(discoverableIntent); 8 } 9 }
(2)查找已经配对的蓝牙设备,即以前已经配对过的设备
1 Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); 2 if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { 3 findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 4 for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { 5 mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); 6 } 7 } else { 8 mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有找到已匹对的设备"); 9 }
(3)使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备。
startDiscovery()方法解析:
startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法,调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索,该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后,搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的,所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索(该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用)。
请求Discovery后,系统开始搜索蓝牙设备,在这个过程中,系统会发送以下三个广播:
ACTION_DISCOVERY_START:开始搜索
ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:搜索结束
ACTION_FOUND:找到设备,这个Intent中包含两个extra fields:EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS,分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。
然而,要获得此搜索的结果需要注册一个BroadcastReceiver来获取,我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收相应的广播,以便实现某些功能
1 // 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver 2 private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { 3 public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { 4 String action = intent.getAction(); 5 // 发现设备 6 if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { 7 // 从Intent中获取设备对象 8 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); 9 // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter,以便在ListView中显示 10 mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); 11 } 12 } 13 }; 14 // 注册BroadcastReceiver 15 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); 16 registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定
4.配对
配对操作呢,一般都是发现设备后,由我们人工来进行选择后系统自动去配对。
5. 蓝牙Socket通信
如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接,则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket,这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。
服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的,而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。
服务器端的实现
通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket(UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对)
调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求,如果收到请求,则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例(此方法为block方法,应置于新线程中)
如果不想在accept其他的连接,则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源(调用该方法后,之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接,则一般在accept一个连接后,便close掉BluetoothServerSocket)
1 private class AcceptThread extends Thread { 2 private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; 3 4 public AcceptThread() { 5 // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, 6 // because mmServerSocket is final 7 BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null; 8 try { 9 // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code 10 tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); 11 } catch (IOException e) { } 12 mmServerSocket = tmp; 13 } 14 15 public void run() { 16 BluetoothSocket socket = null; 17 // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned 18 while (true) { 19 try { 20 socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); 21 } catch (IOException e) { 22 break; 23 } 24 // If a connection was accepted 25 if (socket != null) { 26 // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) 27 manageConnectedSocket(socket); 28 mmServerSocket.close(); 29 break; 30 } 31 } 32 } 33 34 /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */ 35 public void cancel() { 36 try { 37 mmServerSocket.close(); 38 } catch (IOException e) { } 39 } 40 }
客户端的实现
通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService
调用BluetoothService的createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket(该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID)
调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法(该方法为block方法),如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配,并且连接被服务器端accept,则connect()方法返回
注意:在调用connect()方法之前,应当确定当前没有搜索设备,否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败
1 private class ConnectThread extends Thread { 2 private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 3 private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; 4 5 public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { 6 // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, 7 // because mmSocket is final 8 BluetoothSocket tmp = null; 9 mmDevice = device; 10 11 // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice 12 try { 13 // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code 14 tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); 15 } catch (IOException e) { } 16 mmSocket = tmp; 17 } 18 19 public void run() { 20 // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection 21 mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 22 23 try { 24 // Connect the device through the socket. This will block 25 // until it succeeds or throws an exception 26 mmSocket.connect(); 27 } catch (IOException connectException) { 28 // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out 29 try { 30 mmSocket.close(); 31 } catch (IOException closeException) { } 32 return; 33 } 34 35 // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) 36 manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket); 37 } 38 39 /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */ 40 public void cancel() { 41 try { 42 mmSocket.close(); 43 } catch (IOException e) { } 44 } 45 }
连接管理(数据通信)
当你成功地连接了两台(或多台)设备时,每个设备都有一个已连接的BluetoothSocket。这时你可以在设备之间共享数据,乐趣才刚开始。 使用BluetoothSocket,传输二进制数据的过程是简单的:
- 分别通过getInputStream()和getOutputStream()获得管理数据传输的InputStream和OutputStream。
- 通过read(byte[])和write(byte[])从流中读取或写入数据。
首先,你必须使用一个线程专门用于数据的读或写。这是非常重要的,因为read(byte[])和write(byte[])方法都是阻塞调用。read(byte[])将会阻塞到流中有数据可读。write(byte[])一般不会阻塞,但当远程设备的中间缓冲区已满而对方没有及时地调用read(byte[])时将会一直阻塞。所以,你的线程中的主循环将一直用于从InputStream中读取数据。
1 private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { 2 private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 3 private final InputStream mmInStream; 4 private final OutputStream mmOutStream; 5 6 public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { 7 mmSocket = socket; 8 InputStream tmpIn = null; 9 OutputStream tmpOut = null; 10 11 // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because 12 // member streams are final 13 try { 14 tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); 15 tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); 16 } catch (IOException e) { } 17 18 mmInStream = tmpIn; 19 mmOutStream = tmpOut; 20 } 21 22 public void run() { 23 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // buffer store for the stream 24 int bytes; // bytes returned from read() 25 26 // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs 27 while (true) { 28 try { 29 // Read from the InputStream 30 bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); 31 // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity 32 mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer) 33 .sendToTarget(); 34 } catch (IOException e) { 35 break; 36 } 37 } 38 } 39 40 /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */ 41 public void write(byte[] bytes) { 42 try { 43 mmOutStream.write(bytes); 44 } catch (IOException e) { } 45 } 46 47 /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */ 48 public void cancel() { 49 try { 50 mmSocket.close(); 51 } catch (IOException e) { } 52 } 53 }
引用资料:Android官方SDK、《Android/OPhone完全开发讲义》
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/gd920129/article/details/7487761 有改动