forms组件
1 校验字段功能
针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。
模型：models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField()
模板文件
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div> <label for="user">用户名</label> <p><input type="text" name="name" id="user"></p> </div> <div> <label for="pwd">密码</label> <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p> </div> <div> <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label> <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p> </div> <div> <label for="email">邮箱</label> <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p> </div> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
视图函数：
# forms组件 from django.forms import widgets from django import forms class UserForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(required=True, max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名', error_messages= {'required': '该字段必填', 'max_length': '太长了', 'min_length': '太短了'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'}) ) pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) r_pwd =forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='确认密码',widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段必填', 'invalid': '不符合邮箱格式'},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control error','aa':'xxx'})) def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值 else: print(form.cleaned_data) # print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]} print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",] return HttpResponse("OK") form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())
2 渲染标签功能
渲染方式1：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <h3>注册页面</h3> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3"> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div> <label for="">用户名</label> {{ form.name }} </div> <div> <label for="">密码</label> {{ form.pwd }} </div> <div> <label for="">确认密码</label> {{ form.r_pwd }} </div> <div> <label for=""> 邮箱</label> {{ form.email }} </div> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
渲染方式2：
<form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} <div> <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form>
渲染方式3：
<form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"> </form>
3 渲染错误信息功能
视图
def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值 else: print(form.cleaned_data) # print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]} print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",] return render(request,"register.html",locals()) form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())
模板
<form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} {% for field in form %} <div> <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label> {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span> </div> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> </form>
4 组件的参数配置
class Ret(Form): name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误', 'max_length': '太长', 'min_length': '太短'}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})) pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'})) email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'})
5 局部钩子
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError def clean_name(self): val=self.cleaned_data.get("name") ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val) if not ret: return val else: raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!") def clean_tel(self): val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel") if len(val)==11: return val else: raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")
6 全局钩子
def clean(self): pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd') r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd') if pwd and r_pwd: if pwd==r_pwd: return self.cleaned_data else: raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致') else: return self.cleaned_data
from django import forms from django.forms import widgets from app01.models import UserInfo from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError class UserForm(forms.Form): name=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="用户名",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) ) pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="密码", widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}) ) r_pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="确认密码",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})) email=forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空","invalid":"格式错误"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})) tel=forms.CharField(label="手机号",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})) def clean_name(self): val=self.cleaned_data.get("name") ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val) if not ret: return val else: raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!") def clean_tel(self): val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel") if len(val)==11: return val else: raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误") def clean(self): pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd') r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd') if pwd and r_pwd: if pwd==r_pwd: return self.cleaned_data else: raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致') else: return self.cleaned_data
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. from app01.myforms import * def reg(request): if request.method=="POST": print(request.POST) #form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"}) form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致 print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值 if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"} else: print(form.cleaned_data) # {"email":"123@qq.com"} # print(form.errors) # {"name":[".........."]} # print(type(form.errors)) # ErrorDict # print(form.errors.get("name")) # print(type(form.errors.get("name"))) # ErrorList # print(form.errors.get("name")[0]) # 全局钩子错误 #print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0]) errors=form.errors.get("__all__") return render(request,"reg.html",locals()) ''' form.is_valid() :返回布尔值 form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"} form.errors :{"name":[".........."]} ''' form=UserForm() return render(request,"reg.html",locals())
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .error{ color: red; } </style> <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3"> {#<h3>简单form</h3>#} {##} {##} {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {# <p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#} {# <p>密码 <input type="text" name="pwd"></p>#} {# <p>确认密码 <input type="text" name="r_pwd"></p>#} {# <p>邮箱 <input type="text" name="email"></p>#} {# <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>#} {# <input type="submit">#} {##} {#</form>#} <hr> <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3> <form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span> </p> <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span> </p> <p>确认密码 {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span> </p> <p>邮箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p> <p>手机号 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p> <input type="submit"> </form> {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式2</h3>#} {##} {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {##} {# {% for field in form %}#} {##} {# <div>#} {# <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#} {# {{ field }}#} {# </div>#} {##} {# {% endfor %}#} {##} {# <input type="submit">#} {#</form>#} {##} {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式3</h3>#} {##} {#<form action="" method="post">#} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {##} {# {{ form.as_p }}#} {##} {# <input type="submit">#} {#</form>#} </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
