JVM（3）：类加载和字节码技术

一 类加载

架构图

1.1 类文件结构

首先获得.class字节码文件

方法：

在文本文档里写入java代码（文件名与类名一致），将文件类型改为.java
java终端中，执行javac X:...\XXX.java

以下是字节码文件

0000000 ca fe ba be 00 00 00 34 00 23 0a 00 06 00 15 09 
0000020 00 16 00 17 08 00 18 0a 00 19 00 1a 07 00 1b 07 
0000040 00 1c 01 00 06 3c 69 6e 69 74 3e 01 00 03 28 29 
0000060 56 01 00 04 43 6f 64 65 01 00 0f 4c 69 6e 65 4e 
0000100 75 6d 62 65 72 54 61 62 6c 65 01 00 12 4c 6f 63 
0000120 61 6c 56 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 54 61 62 6c 65 01 
0000140 00 04 74 68 69 73 01 00 1d 4c 63 6e 2f 69 74 63 
0000160 61 73 74 2f 6a 76 6d 2f 74 35 2f 48 65 6c 6c 6f 
0000200 57 6f 72 6c 64 3b 01 00 04 6d 61 69 6e 01 00 16 
0000220 28 5b 4c 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 53 74 72 
0000240 69 6e 67 3b 29 56 01 00 04 61 72 67 73 01 00 13 
0000260 5b 4c 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 53 74 72 69 
0000300 6e 67 3b 01 00 10 4d 65 74 68 6f 64 50 61 72 61 
0000320 6d 65 74 65 72 73 01 00 0a 53 6f 75 72 63 65 46 
0000340 69 6c 65 01 00 0f 48 65 6c 6c 6f 57 6f 72 6c 64
0000360 2e 6a 61 76 61 0c 00 07 00 08 07 00 1d 0c 00 1e 
0000400 00 1f 01 00 0b 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 
0000420 07 00 20 0c 00 21 00 22 01 00 1b 63 6e 2f 69 74 
0000440 63 61 73 74 2f 6a 76 6d 2f 74 35 2f 48 65 6c 6c 
0000460 6f 57 6f 72 6c 64 01 00 10 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 
0000500 6e 67 2f 4f 62 6a 65 63 74 01 00 10 6a 61 76 61 
0000520 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 53 79 73 74 65 6d 01 00 03 6f 
0000540 75 74 01 00 15 4c 6a 61 76 61 2f 69 6f 2f 50 72 
0000560 69 6e 74 53 74 72 65 61 6d 3b 01 00 13 6a 61 76 
0000600 61 2f 69 6f 2f 50 72 69 6e 74 53 74 72 65 61 6d 
0000620 01 00 07 70 72 69 6e 74 6c 6e 01 00 15 28 4c 6a 
0000640 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 53 74 72 69 6e 67 3b 
0000660 29 56 00 21 00 05 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 01 
0000700 00 07 00 08 00 01 00 09 00 00 00 2f 00 01 00 01 
0000720 00 00 00 05 2a b7 00 01 b1 00 00 00 02 00 0a 00 
0000740 00 00 06 00 01 00 00 00 04 00 0b 00 00 00 0c 00 
0000760 01 00 00 00 05 00 0c 00 0d 00 00 00 09 00 0e 00 
0001000 0f 00 02 00 09 00 00 00 37 00 02 00 01 00 00 00 
0001020 09 b2 00 02 12 03 b6 00 04 b1 00 00 00 02 00 0a 
0001040 00 00 00 0a 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 08 00 07 00 0b 
0001060 00 00 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 09 00 10 00 11 00 00 
0001100 00 12 00 00 00 05 01 00 10 00 00 00 01 00 13 00 
0001120 00 00 02 00 14

根据 JVM 规范，类文件结构如下

u4             magic
u2             minor_version;    
u2             major_version;    
u2             constant_pool_count;    
cp_info        constant_pool[constant_pool_count-1];    
u2             access_flags;    
u2             this_class;    
u2             super_class;   
u2             interfaces_count;    
u2             interfaces[interfaces_count];   
u2             fields_count;    
field_info     fields[fields_count];   
u2             methods_count;    
method_info    methods[methods_count];    
u2             attributes_count;    
attribute_info attributes[attributes_count];

魔数
u4 magic
对应字节码文件的0~3个字节
0000000 ca fe ba be 00 00 00 34 00 23 0a 00 06 00 15 09

版本
u2 minor_version;
u2 major_version;
0000000 ca fe ba be 00 00 00 34 00 23 0a 00 06 00 15 09
34H = 52，代表JDK8

常量池
见资料文件
…略

1.2 字节码指令

可参考：https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-6.html#jvms-6.5

javap工具
Oracle 提供了 javap 工具来反编译 class 文件

javap -v F:\Thread_study\src\com\nyima\JVM\day01\Main.class

F:\Thread_study>javap -v F:\Thread_study\src\com\nyima\JVM\day5\Demo1.class
Classfile /F:/Thread_study/src/com/nyima/JVM/day5/Demo1.class
  Last modified 2020-6-6; size 434 bytes
  MD5 checksum df1dce65bf6fb0b4c1de318051f4a67e
  Compiled from "Demo1.java"
public class com.nyima.JVM.day5.Demo1
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #6.#15         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #16.#17        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = String             #18            // hello world
   #4 = Methodref          #19.#20        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
   #5 = Class              #21            // com/nyima/JVM/day5/Demo1
   #6 = Class              #22            // java/lang/Object
   #7 = Utf8               <init>
   #8 = Utf8               ()V
   #9 = Utf8               Code
  #10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #11 = Utf8               main
  #12 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #13 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #14 = Utf8               Demo1.java
  #15 = NameAndType        #7:#8          // "<init>":()V
  #16 = Class              #23            // java/lang/System
  #17 = NameAndType        #24:#25        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #18 = Utf8               hello world
  #19 = Class              #26            // java/io/PrintStream
  #20 = NameAndType        #27:#28        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #21 = Utf8               com/nyima/JVM/day5/Demo1
  #22 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #23 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #24 = Utf8               out
  #25 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #26 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #27 = Utf8               println
  #28 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
  public com.nyima.JVM.day5.Demo1();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 7: 0

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: ldc           #3                  // String hello world
         5: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

         8: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 9: 0
        line 10: 8
}