Maven_2_核心知识

Documentation http://maven.apache.org/guides/index.html

-----3-1 常用构建命令------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mvn

　　-v

　　compile

　　test 测试

　　package 打包

　　clean 删除target

D:\java\code\maven01>mvn clean
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building maven01-model 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ maven01-model ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\java\code\maven01\target
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.228 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-27T17:22:55+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 9M/104M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　install 安装jar包到本地仓库

　　example：maven02 中使用maven01的类

1) cd 到maven01 目录　，mvn install 把jar包安装到本地仓库

[INFO] Installing D:\java\code\maven01\target\maven01-model-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\30478\.m2\repository\com\iooc\maven01-model\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\maven01-model-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\java\code\maven01\pom.xml to C:\Users\30478\.m2\repository\com\iooc\maven01-model\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\maven01-model-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 10.419 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-27T17:40:35+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 18M/168M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

　 2）在maven02的pom.xml中添加依赖，

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><!--固定-->
    <groupId>com.imooc.maven02</groupId><!--groupId项目包名-->
    <artifactId>maven02-model02</artifactId><!--artifactId模块名；建议使用项目名-->
    <version>0.0.1SNAPSHOT</version><!--快照版本-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <!--junit依赖-->
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
                <groupId>com.iooc</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven01-model</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

再cd 到maven02 ,执行mvn compile

D:\java\code\maven02>mvn compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[WARNING]
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.imooc.maven02:maven02-model02:jar:0.0.1SNAPSHOT
[WARNING] 'version' uses an unsupported snapshot version format, should be '*-SNAPSHOT' instead. @ line 9, column 11
[WARNING]
[WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
[WARNING]
[WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
[WARNING]
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building maven02-model02 0.0.1SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maven02-model02 ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\code\maven02\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maven02-model02 ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\java\code\maven02\target\classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.909 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-27T17:43:33+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/162M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

通过mvn compile编译源代码，如果在编译的过程中程序用到了其他的依赖包，它会去pom.xml中查找是否引入了该依赖包的坐标（groupId,artifactId,version），
如果找到了该坐标，会去本地仓库中查找是否有相应的jar,如果没有的话，会去maven的中央仓库中去找并下载到本地仓库中，供项目引用。

----maven 自动建立目录骨架-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

建立maven03 目录

cd 到maven03根目录,

方式1 archetype:generate 按照提示：

mvn archetype:generate 会先下载依赖的jar

1878: remote -> us.fatehi:schemacrawler-archetype-plugin-lint (-)
Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 991: 回车
Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version:
1: 1.0-alpha-1
2: 1.0-alpha-2
3: 1.0-alpha-3
4: 1.0-alpha-4
5: 1.0
6: 1.1
Choose a number: 6: 6 选择版本，此处选6

groupId: com.imooc.mavne03
artifactId: maven03-service
version: 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
package: com.imooc.maven03.server
 Y: : y

-archetype-1.0.0.jar (3.7 kB at 8.3 kB/s)
Define value for property 'groupId': com.imooc.mavne03
Define value for property 'artifactId': maven03-service
Define value for property 'version' 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
Define value for property 'package' com.imooc.mavne03: : com.imooc.maven03.server
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.imooc.mavne03
artifactId: maven03-service
version: 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
package: com.imooc.maven03.server
 Y: : y

 Y: : y
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Archetype: maven-reactjs-blank-archetype:1.0.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.imooc.mavne03
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: maven03-service
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.imooc.maven03.server
[INFO] Parameter: packageInPathFormat, Value: com/imooc/maven03/server
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.imooc.maven03.server
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.imooc.mavne03
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: maven03-service
[WARNING] CP Don't override file D:\java\code\maven03-service\app\components\Greet.jsx
[WARNING] CP Don't override file D:\java\code\maven03-service\app\components\App.jsx
[INFO] Project created from Archetype in dir: D:\java\code\maven03-service
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 05:53 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-28T16:28:55+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 15M/135M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

方式2 一次性输入所有参数(注意参数名与参数值之间不能有空格错： -DartifactId= maven04-model ）

使用mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=组织名 -DarticfactId=项目名-模块名 -Dversion=... -Dpackage=包 等待加载相应的依赖

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.imooc.maven04 -DartifactId=maven04-demo -Dversion=1.0.0SNAPSHO
T -Dpackage=com.imooc.maven04.demo

Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 991: 回车
Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version:
1: 1.0-alpha-1
2: 1.0-alpha-2
3: 1.0-alpha-3
4: 1.0-alpha-4
5: 1.0
6: 1.1
Choose a number: 6: 6
[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.imooc.maven04
[INFO] Using property: artifactId = maven04-demo
[INFO] Using property: version = 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Using property: package = com.imooc.maven04.demo
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.imooc.maven04
artifactId: maven04-demo
version: 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
package: com.imooc.maven04.demo
Y: : y

Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 991:
Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version:
1: 1.0-alpha-1
2: 1.0-alpha-2
3: 1.0-alpha-3
4: 1.0-alpha-4
5: 1.0
6: 1.1
Choose a number: 6: 6
[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.imooc.maven04
[INFO] Using property: artifactId = maven04-demo
[INFO] Using property: version = 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Using property: package = com.imooc.maven04.demo
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.imooc.maven04
artifactId: maven04-demo
version: 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
package: com.imooc.maven04.demo
 Y: : y
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: D:\java\code\maven03
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.imooc.maven04.demo
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.imooc.maven04
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: maven04-demo
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.imooc.maven04.demo
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0.0SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: D:\java\code\maven03\maven04-demo
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 01:59 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-28T16:57:41+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 19M/207M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

----3-3 maven 中的坐标和仓库-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

坐标 groupId,artifactId,version构成一个坐标，在maven项目中，所有的依赖，插件，项目构建的输出都可以称之为‘构件’，构件通过坐标作为其唯一标识。

　　构件 (groupId,artifactId,version等)

    <groupId>com.imooc.mavne03</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven03-service</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0SNAPSHOT</version> 组成基本坐标

(package 名应与groupId 和 artifactId 相吻合，看起来更加清晰)

仓库(依赖)

　　本地仓库和远程仓库

maven提供的超级pom:下载的maven/lib/maven-model-builder-3.3.3.jar/org/apache/maven/model/pom-4.0.0.xml

　　url为全球的中央仓库的地址，http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2

　　id表示唯一标识，name为名称，url为地址，layout为布局，snapshot为快照版本，<enabled>false</enabled>表示禁止下载快照的版本。

镜像仓库的概念：A提供和B一样的功能。
　　maven中修改镜像仓库位置的文件：maven/conf/settings.xml  里mirrors

　　id为仓库标识，mirrorOf表示为谁创建镜像仓库，name为镜像仓库的命名，url为镜像仓库地址

仓库默认放在当前用户的目录中，.m2目录

　　更改仓库位置:找到maven的conf/settings.xml中的<localRepository></localRepository>为设置的路径，并把settings.xml拷贝到新创建的路径中，这样每次更新maven,就不用重新设置仓库路径了

---3-4 eclipse中安装maven插件以及创建maven项目------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

eclipse4.0以上版本，myEclipse不需要安装

　　查看方式 Eclipse-Windows-preferences中是否有maven选项

说明以3.6版本为例子：

　1.安装maven插件

　　　下载好的maven插件放入eclipse/dropins目录，就完成安装，然后重启eclipse

　　放入到插件目录后，windows-preference中点击maven如果有如图所示的弹出框，表示eclipse需要jdk支持，可以 点击其中的eclipse.ini在其中配置jvm

　　在eclipse.ini中配置JVM -vm 加jdk路径\javaw.exe

　　配置与jdk相匹配的jre(preferences -java-Installed JREs)

　　更改maven的默认配置为本地maven (preferences -Maven-Instllations)

　　修改settings.xml的路径（preferences -Maven-User Settings自己配置的本地仓库的路径）。
 2 新建maven项目
　　新建maven项目- new -other-maven- maven project
　　　　目录模板选择quickstart
　　　　配置groupId,artifactId,version,点击finish
　　　　运行新建的maven项目，pom.xml点击右键-->run as-->maven build
　　　　在Main的goals中输入compile命令
　　　　console中报红字，此时项目并没有编译，此时在JRE的Default VM Arguments中配置'相应的报红字'=$M2_HOME
　　　　　　（右击项目-run as-maven build-输入compile报错： -Dmaven.multiModuleProjectDirectory system property is not set. Check $M2_HOME environment variable and mvn script match. 解决办法： Windows-preferences-Java-InstalledJRE-edit, -Dmaven.multiModuleProjectDirectory=$M2_HOME）
　　　　控制台无报错，同样步骤在goals中输入 package命令。
　　　　进入项目根目录进行查看，生成target文件，里面有classes,reports及相应的项目jar包

-----3-5 maven的生命周期和插件-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一个项目的完整的构建过程：清理·编译·测试·打包·集成测试·验证·部署

maven抽象出一套项目构建的生命周期，插件是对maven抽象的具体实现。

maven构建了三套项目生命周期，clean 清理项目，default 构建项目，site 生成项目站点

三个生命周期是相互独立的，每个生命周期之间又包含相应的阶段，每个阶段之间又是有顺序的。

且后一个阶段依赖前一个阶段，阶段之间是有顺序的，此阶段的执行不会触发其他的生命周期。

运行package时，虽然没有执行compile和test,但是这两个命令是依次执行的。（执行maven生命周期中的某个阶段时，其前面的每个阶段会依次执行。）

clean 清理项目
　　pre-clean 执行清理前的工作
　　clean 清理上一次构建生成的所有文件
　　post-clean 执行清理后的文件

default包含构建项目时所要执行的步骤。

　　compile test package install属于default默认的生命周期中。

site会根据pom.xml中的相关信息生成站点。
　　pre-site 在生成项目站点前要完成的工作
　　site 生成项目的站点文档
　　post-site 在生成项目站点后要完成的工作
　　site-deploy 发布生成的站点到服务器上

eclipse默认可操作的语言为java,但可以通过第三方插件来运行PHP,c等语言，这些语言运行时所需要执行的类似javac.exe则来自于插件中。maven也是通过插件的方式调用compile,test等。如果要在maven项目中添加一个插件，需要在pom.xml中添加

******

　　plugins参照

　　http://maven.apache.org/plugins/index.html

　　本例子：http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-source-plugin/

******

<build>
   <plugins>
       <plugin>
           <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
           <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.4</version>
           <executions>
               <execution>
                   <phase>package</phase> <!-表示在package命令中执行此source插件- -->
                   <goals>
                          <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
                   </goals>
               </execution>
           </executions>
       </plugin>
   </plugins>
</build>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd ">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.imooc.hellow</groupId>
  <artifactId>mode</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>mode</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                           <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
      </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

goals中输入package ，执行结果：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building mode 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ mode ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\mode\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ mode ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ mode ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\mode\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ mode ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ mode ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\java\workspace\mode\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.imooc.hellow.mode.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.013 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ mode ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\java\workspace\mode\target\mode-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-source-plugin:2.4:jar-no-fork (default) @ mode ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\java\workspace\mode\target\mode-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-sources.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 19.411 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-29T10:29:43+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/168M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
package 执行时自动执行了compile,test ,而且打包了source

执行maven生命周期中的某个阶段时，其前面的每个阶段会依次执行。

-----3-6 maven中Pom.xml解析-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pom.xml是maven项目的核心管理文件，用于项目描述，组织管理，依赖管理，构件信息的管理。

project是pom.xml的根元素，设定一些约束。

modelVersion指定了当前pom的版本，其次是坐标的信息，groupId为主项目标识，表示maven属于哪个主项目，由反写的公司网址+项目名组成。

实际的项目和maven项目会有些不同，maven项目体现的是一个模块化的概念，一个项目可能有几个模块构成。

artifactId就是项目实际的模块，项目名+模块名构成。

version表示版本号，一般有三个0构成，第一个0表示大版本好，第二个0表示分支版本号，第三个0表示小版本号。snapshot快照版本。版本有快照版本，α版本（内测版本）以及beta版本（公测版本），还有release版本，ga版本，release版本为一个稳定的版本，ga版本为一个正式的发布版本。

packaging标签表示maven项目默认的打包方式，默认为jar,也有war,zip，pom包。

name为项目描述名，url为项目地址，description为项目描述，developers为开发人员信息，licenses为许可证信息。

organization为组织信息。

dependencies表示依赖列表，dependency表示依赖项，scope表示依赖范围，optional表示设置依赖是否可选，默认为false,默认继承，为true则项目必须加载依赖项。exclusions表示排除依赖传递列表，比如如果项目引用spring，spring中被引用其他jar也会被引用，此为依赖传递。

dependencyManagement为依赖的管理，一般用于父模块中，运行时不会被编译加载依赖。用于子模块继承父模块中依赖，比如junit测试依赖。

build中为插件列表，会放相应的插件，parent用于对父模块中pom的继承，modules用于当项目启动时，需要多个模块是，对其他项目进行编译，不需要一个个进行编译。

pom.xml常用元素介绍：
<project>根
<modelVersion>指定了当前pom的版本
<groupId>反写的公司网址+项目名
<artifactId>项目名+模块名
<version>第一个0表示大版本号、第二个0表示分支版本号、第三个0表示小版本号
0.0.1SNAPSHOT
<packaging>打包方式，默认是jar
<name>项目描述名
<url>项目地址
<description>项目描述
<developers>开发人员列表
<licenses>许可证信息
<organization>组织信息

<dependencies>
 <dependence>坐标groupId,artifactId,version
   <groupId></groupId>
   <artifactId></artifactId>
   <version></version>
   <type></type>
   <scope></scope>依赖范围
   <optional></optional>设置依赖是否可选，true必须显示的引入该依赖/false继承
    <exclusions>排除依赖传递列表(a依赖b，b依赖c,c对a 就是传递依赖)
　　　　<exclusion>
　　　　</exclusion>
　　</exclusions></dependence>
</dependencies>
依赖管理
<dependencyManagement>
　　<dependence>
　　</dependence>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
 <plugins>
  <plugin> </plugin>  
 </plugins>
</build>

---3-7 maven 依赖范围dependency scope ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Documentation script：http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-dependency-mechanism.html

当我们要引用某个框架的话，需要把项目的jar放入到项目的classpath中，这样项目就可以引用框架的jar了。
maven提供了三种calsspath，1编译，2测试，3运行
dependency中的scope就是控制依赖的范围，test表示仅在测试的classpath中。
scope有六种，compile,provided,runtime,test,system,import
provided在编译和测试时有效。
runtime在测试和运行时有效。
system与本机系统相关联，可移植性差，比如利用到本机的jdk配置。
import仅使用在dependencyManagement中，表示从其它的pom中导入dependency的配置。
如图表示将a中的依赖导入到B中。
<name>B</name>

　　　　<groupId>maven</groupId>

　　　　<scope>import</scope>

　　 </dependencey>
　　</dependences>
</dependencyManagement>

----3-8 maven依赖传递-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

创建三个maven项目bge,nange,shanji。nange依赖bge项目启动，shanji依赖nange启动，启动下层项目时，上层需要打成jar。如图如果不写其中的exclusion中的内容时，shanji也会依赖bge的jar。此为传递依赖。

下层项目启动，上层没有打包，安装时的error msg。goals中直接输入clean

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building shanji 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[WARNING] The POM for com.hongxing:nange:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT is missing, no dependency information available
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.306 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-29T13:59:32+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 6M/123M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal on project shanji: Could not resolve dependencies for project com.hongxing:shanji:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT: Could not find artifact com.hongxing:nange:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/DependencyResolutionException

bge b哥 (mvn package,mvn install 之后 nange才能找到(打包安装在本地仓库中))

　　安装成功log

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ nange ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ nange ---
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\nange\target\nange-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\nange\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\nange-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\nange\pom.xml to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\nange\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\nange-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.904 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-29T14:01:29+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/155M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

nange 南哥 (mvn package,mvn install 之后 shanji才能找到(打包安装在本地仓库中))

shanji 山鸡

bge pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
  <artifactId>bge</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>bge</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

nange pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
  <artifactId>nange</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>nange</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
          <artifactId>bge</artifactId>
          <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

shanji

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
  <artifactId>shanji</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>shanji</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
          <artifactId>nange</artifactId>
          <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

排除bge的依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
          <artifactId>nange</artifactId>
          <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
          <exclusions>
              <exclusion>
                  <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
                  <artifactId>bge</artifactId>
              </exclusion>
          </exclusions>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

bge已经被排除

注意：JRE System Library 的版本maven 默认为1.5,此处已经手工修改为1.8

　　可以通过修改settings.xml来改变。

　　可参照：如何修改maven的默认jdk版本

　　　　182行左右找到 <profiles>添加如下代码

  <profiles>
      <profile>    
    <id>jdk-1.8</id>    
     <activation>    
          <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>    
          <jdk>1.8</jdk>    
      </activation>    
    <properties>    
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>    
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>    
        <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>    
    </properties>

要点1：install指令能把项目打包到本地仓库，运行install指令，同时还运行了package打包。编译一个项目，如果存在依赖，首先会在本地仓库查找，如果没找到，直接到中央仓库查找，如果还是没找到，则报错。所以编译一个存在本地依赖的项目，本地依赖一定要运行install指令，把依赖的项目打包到本地仓库。要点2：如果想排除某个依赖的项目，则需要在pom.xml添加exclusions标签，添加到已经添加了排除依赖的依赖里，把需要排除的依赖的坐标引进来。

----3-9 依赖冲突-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

依赖冲突：

A->B->C->X(jar1.0)

A->D->X(jar1.1)

这是A依赖两个X的版本，会有冲突。

1.短路优先原则

bge 新加依赖 2.4

nange 新加依赖2.0

山鸡由于短路优先会是2.0

注：eclipse,在pom.xml中添加完依赖后会自动下载

2.如果路径长度相同的情况下，则谁先声明，先解析谁。（如果前面两个pom.xml都声明了同一个依赖的不同版本，第三个pom.xml同时依赖了前两个pom.xml，则谁的依赖坐标在前，就用谁的依赖版本。）

上例修改为 nange不依赖bge,shanji同时依赖nange和bge（exclusion去掉），bge坐标在前就解析为2.4

---3-10 maven聚合和继承--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

如果项目D依赖项目C，项目C依赖项目B，项目B依赖项目A，我们需要一个个安装这项项目，在Maven中有一种方式可以将多个项目一次性安装，这就是聚合的概念。简单讲就是，需要人工多次操作的，只要Maven能理解，一次性告诉他，他就能帮我们做这件单调烦人的事情了。——使用

maven聚合：聚合实际上是对多个项目同时进行做处理，比如编译、打包等。做法如下：创建一个新的maven项目，用于做其它项目的聚合，然后把pom.xml文件里的package标签里的jar改成pom，并去掉依赖，然后添加modules把其它项目引进来。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.hongxing</groupId>
  <artifactId>aggreation</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <name>aggreation</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <modules>
    <module>../bge</module>
    <module>../nange</module>
    <module>../shanji</module>
  </modules>
</project>

pom.xml - run as -maven build :

　　Goals: clean install (删除target 安装)

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Build Order:
[INFO] 
[INFO] bge
[INFO] nange
[INFO] shanji
[INFO] aggreation
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building bge 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Downloading: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-clean-plugin/2.5/maven-clean-plugin-2.5.pom
[INFO] Downloaded: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-clean-plugin/2.5/maven-clean-plugin-2.5.pom (3.9 kB at 2.4 kB/s)
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ bge ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\java\workspace\bge\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ bge ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\bge\src\main\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ bge ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\java\workspace\bge\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ bge ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\bge\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ bge ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\java\workspace\bge\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ bge ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\java\workspace\bge\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.hongxing.bge.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.01 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ bge ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\java\workspace\bge\target\bge-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ bge ---
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\bge\target\bge-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\bge\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\bge-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\bge\pom.xml to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\bge\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\bge-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building nange 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ nange ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\java\workspace\nange\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ nange ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\nange\src\main\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ nange ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\java\workspace\nange\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ nange ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\nange\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ nange ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\java\workspace\nange\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ nange ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\java\workspace\nange\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.hongxing.nange.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.013 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ nange ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\java\workspace\nange\target\nange-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ nange ---
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\nange\target\nange-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\nange\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\nange-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\nange\pom.xml to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\nange\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\nange-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building shanji 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\java\workspace\shanji\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\shanji\src\main\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\java\workspace\shanji\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\java\workspace\shanji\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\java\workspace\shanji\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\java\workspace\shanji\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.hongxing.shanji.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.016 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\java\workspace\shanji\target\shanji-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ shanji ---
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\shanji\target\shanji-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\shanji\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\shanji-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\shanji\pom.xml to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\shanji\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\shanji-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building aggreation 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ aggreation ---
[INFO] Deleting D:\java\workspace\aggreation\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ aggreation ---
[INFO] Installing D:\java\workspace\aggreation\pom.xml to D:\java\localRepository\com\hongxing\aggreation\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\aggreation-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO] 
[INFO] bge ................................................ SUCCESS [  6.069 s]
[INFO] nange .............................................. SUCCESS [  0.670 s]
[INFO] shanji ............................................. SUCCESS [  0.494 s]
[INFO] aggreation ......................................... SUCCESS [  0.019 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 7.419 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-06-29T15:59:41+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 19M/139M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

继承：多次使用到的依赖，比如：单元测试，没有必要在所有的项目中都引用一下，此时就可以采用继承的方式来实现，先来一个父级的POM.XML然后再继承此POM.XML。
1. packaging 改为pom。
2. dependencyManagement 中并不提取依赖，只进行统一管理。
3. property中定义了junit版本号，之后可以引用。
4. 父类parent中的main和test没有意义，可以删除。

父类pom：

　　<junit.version>3.8.1</junit.version>

</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
   <dependencies>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>junit</groupId>
     <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
     <version>${junit.version}</version>

　 <scope>test</scope>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

子类pom：
<parent>
<groupId>com.hongxin</groupId>
<artifactId>hongxin-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>junit</groupId>
     <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

posted @ 2017-06-27 17:46 charles999 阅读(437) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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