Vim编辑器-Basic Command-Mode Commands

9 Basic Command-Mode Commands

• Printing text lines
• Substitution
• Shell (command prompt) escapes

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• Entering Command-Line Mode
  If you want to execute a single command-line-mode command, just type a colon (:) followed by the command. For example, the command :set number is actually a command-mode command. A discussion of command-mode commands makes more sense with line numbering turned on.Therefore, the first command-mode command you enter for this example is as follows:
  :set number
  After this command has been executed, the editor returns to normal mode.
  Switch to command-line mode by executing the command :ex.The Q command
  also performs this operation.To switch back to normal mode (visual mode), use the :visualcommand.

• The Print Command
  The :print command (short form :p) prints out the specified lines.Without arguments, it just prints the current line:
  :print

• Ranges
  The :print command can be made to print a range of lines. A simple range can be something like 1,5.This specifies lines 1 through 5.To print these lines, use the follow- ing command:
  :1,5 print
  the line number $ is the last line in the file. So to print the whole file, use the following command:
  :1,$ print
  The % range is shorthand for the entire file (1,$). For example:
  :% print
  The line number (.) is the current line. For example: :
  . print
  You can also specify lines by their content.The line number /pattern/ specifies the
  next line containing the pattern.
  :1,/trouble/print
  Similarly, ?pattern? specifies the first previous line with pattern in it.
  :?Notice:?,39 print

• Marks
  You can use marks to specify a line for command-mode commands.The line
  number ‘a specifies the line with mark a is to be used.
  Start in normal mode, for example, and move to the first line of the file.This is
  marked with a using the command ma.You then move to line 3 and use the command mz to mark line as z.The command:’a, ‘z printis the same as the following command: :1,3 print.

• Visual-Mode Range Specification
  You can run a command-mode command on a visual selection.The first step is to enter visual mode and select the lines you want.Then enter the command-mode command to execute.
  Next, enter the :print command to print these lines.
  :’<,’> p

• Substitute Command
  The :substitute command enables you to perform string replacements on a whole range of lines.The general form of this command is as follows:
  :range substitute /from/to/ flags
  This command changes the from string to the to string. For example, you can
  change all occurrences of Professor to Teacher with the following command:
  :% substitute /Professor/Teacher/
  By default, the :substitute command changes only the first occurrence on each line.
  If you want to change every occurrence on the line, you need to add the g (global) flag.The command
  :% substitute /Professor/Teacher/g

• Reading and Writing Files
  The :read filename command (short form :r) reads in a file and inserts it after the current line.
  The :write command (short form :w) writes out the file.This is a way of saving your work.You can write a different file (prog.c.new, for example) by giving :write a filename as an argument:
  :write prog.c.new

• The :shell Command
  The :shell command takes you to the command prompt.You can return to Vim by executing the exit command.
  For example:
  :shell
  $ date
  Mon Jan 17 18:55:45 PST 2000 $ exit
  -- vim window appears --