Vim编辑器-Basic Abbreviations, Keyboard Mapping, and Initialization Files

8 Basic Abbreviations, Keyboard Mapping, and Initialization Files

• Abbreviations
  An abbreviation is a short word that takes the place of a long one. For example, ad stands for advertisement.The Vim editor enables you to type in an abbreviation and then will automatically expand it for you.To tell Vim to expand the abbreviation ad into advertisement every time you type it, use the following command:
  :abbreviate ad advertisement

• Listing Your Abbreviations
  The command :abbreviate lists all your current abbreviations. Figure 8.1 shows a
  typical execution of this command.

• Mapping
  Mapping enables you to bind a set of Vim commands to a single key. Suppose, for example, that you need to surround certain words with curly braces. In other words, you need to change a word such as amount into {amount}.
  With the :map command, you can configure Vim so that the F5 key does this job. The command is as follows:
  :map <F5> i{<Esc>ea}<Esc>

• Listing Your Mappings
  The :map command (with no arguments) lists out all your current mappings

• Fixing the Way Delete Works
  If you find that your keyboard has the Backspace and Delete keys backward, you can use the following command to swap them:
  :fixdel

• Controlling What the Backspace Key Does
  The ‘backspace’ option controls how the key works in insert mode.
  For example, the following command tells Vim to allow backspacing over autoindents:
  :set backspace=indent
  The following command enables you to backspace over the end of lines:
  :set backspace=eol
  In other words, with this option set, if you are positioned on the first column and press , the current line will be joined with the preceding one.
  The following command enables you to backspace over the start of an insert:
  :set backspace=start
  In other words, you can erase more text than you entered during a single insert command.
  You can combine these options, separated by commas. For example:
  :set backspace=indent,eol,start

• Saving Your Setting
  After performing all your :map, :abbreviate, and :set commands, it would be nice if you could save them and use them again.
  The command :mkvimrc writes all your settings to a file.The format of this com- mand is as follows:
  :mkvimrc file
  During startup, the Vim editor looks for an initialization file. If it is found, it is auto- matically executed. (Only the first file found is read.)
  The initialization files are as follows:
  UNIX
  $HOME/.vimrc $HOME/_vimrc $HOME/.exrc $HOME/_exrc
  MS-DOS
  $HOME/_vimrc $HOME/.vimrc $VIM/_vimrc $VIM/.vimrc $HOME/_exrc $HOME/.exrc $VIM/_exrc $VIM/.exrc
  One way you can find out which initialization files are read is to use the :version
  command:
  :version