2.工厂模式

工厂模式

一、简单工厂模式

1. 具体需求实例(要便于扩展、维护)

1)披萨的种类很多(比如GreekPizz、CheesePize)

2)披萨的制作有prepare、bake、cut、box

3)完成披萨店订购功能

2. 传统方式

public class OrderPizza {
    // 构造器
	public OrderPizza() {
		Pizza pizza = null;
        // 订购披萨的类型
		String orderType;
		do {
			orderType = getType();
			if (orderType.equals("greek")) {
				pizza = new GreekPizza();
				pizza.setName(" 希腊披萨 ");
			} else if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
				pizza = new CheesePizza();
				pizza.setName(" 奶酪披萨 ");
			} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
				pizza = new PepperPizza();
				pizza.setName("胡椒披萨");
			} else {
				break;
			}
			//输出pizza 制作过程
			pizza.prepare();
			pizza.bake();
			pizza.cut();
			pizza.box();

		} while (true);
	}
    // 写一个方法,可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

传统方式的优缺点:

1)优点是好理解、简单易操作

2)缺点是违反了设计模式的ocp原则,对扩展开放,对修改关闭

3)如果增加一个pizza类,只要是订购pizza的代码都需要修改

3. 使用简单工厂模式改进

​ 简单工厂模式的设计方案:定义一个可以实例化Pizza对象的类,封装创建对象的代码

原理图

public class OrderPizza2 {
    //定义一个简单工厂对象
    SimpleFactory simpleFactory;
    Pizza pizza = null;

    //构造器
    public OrderPizza2(SimpleFactory simpleFactory) {
        setFactory(simpleFactory);
    }
    public void setFactory(SimpleFactory simpleFactory) {
        String orderType = ""; //用户输入的

        this.simpleFactory = simpleFactory; //设置简单工厂对象

        do {
            orderType = getType();
            pizza = this.simpleFactory.createPizza(orderType);
            //输出pizza
            if(pizza != null) { //订购成功
                pizza.prepare();
                pizza.bake();
                pizza.cut();
                pizza.box();
            } else {
                System.out.println(" 订购披萨失败 ");
                break;
            }
        }while(true);
    }
    // 写一个方法,可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
    private String getType() {
        try {
            BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
            String str = strin.readLine();
            return str;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "";
        }
    }
}

二、工厂方法模式

1.新需求

客户在点披萨时,可以点不同口味的披萨,比如 北京的奶酪pizza、北京的胡椒pizza、伦敦的奶酪pizza、伦敦的胡椒pizza

2.思路1

使用简单工厂模式,创建不同的简单工厂类,比如BJPizaSimpleFactory、LDPizzaSimpleFactory等,单维护性、扩展性不好

3.思路2使用工厂方法模式

设计方案:将披萨项目的实例化功能抽象成抽象方法,在不同的口味点餐子类中具体实现。

思路分析图

代码实现

public abstract class OrderPizza {
	//定义一个抽象方法,createPizza , 让各个工厂子类自己实现
	abstract Pizza createPizza(String orderType);

	// 构造器
	public OrderPizza() {
		Pizza pizza = null;
		String orderType; // 订购披萨的类型
		do {
			orderType = getType();
			pizza = createPizza(orderType); //抽象方法,由工厂子类完成
			//输出pizza 制作过程
			pizza.prepare();
			pizza.bake();
			pizza.cut();
			pizza.box();

		} while (true);
	}
	// 写一个方法,可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
	private String getType() {
		try {
			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
			String str = strin.readLine();
			return str;
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return "";
		}
	}
}

三、抽象工厂方法

1.基本介绍

  1. 抽象工厂模式:定义衣蛾interface用于创建相关或有依赖关系的对象簇,无需指明具体的类

2)将工厂抽象成两层,AbsFactory(抽象工厂)和具体实现的工厂子类。

分析图

代码示例

/**
 * 抽象工厂
 */
public interface AbsFactory {
    public Pizza createPizza(String orderType);
}
public class BJFactory implements AbsFactory {
	@Override
	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
		System.out.println("~使用的是抽象工厂模式~");
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Pizza pizza = null;
		if(orderType.equals("cheese")) {
			pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")){
			pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
		}
		return pizza;
	}
}
public class LDFactory implements AbsFactory {
	@Override
	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
		System.out.println("~使用的是抽象工厂模式~");
		Pizza pizza = null;
		if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
			pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
		} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
			pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
		}
		return pizza;
	}
}
/**
 * 订购pizza
 */
public class OrderPizza {

	AbsFactory factory;

	// 构造器
	public OrderPizza(AbsFactory factory) {
		setFactory(factory);
	}

	private void setFactory(AbsFactory factory) {
		Pizza pizza = null;
		String orderType = ""; // 用户输入
		this.factory = factory;
		do {
			orderType = getType();
			// factory 可能是北京的工厂子类,也可能是伦敦的工厂子类
			pizza = factory.createPizza(orderType);
			if (pizza != null) { // 订购ok
				pizza.prepare();
				pizza.bake();
				pizza.cut();
				pizza.box();
			} else {
				System.out.println("订购失败");
				break;
			}
		} while (true);
	}

	// 写一个方法,可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
	private String getType() {
		try {
			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
			String str = strin.readLine();
			return str;
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return "";
		}
	}
}

四、工厂模式在JDK-Calendar应用的源码分析

public class Factory {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// getInstance 是 Calendar 静态方法
		Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
	    // 注意月份下标从0开始,所以取月份要+1
	    System.out.println("年:" + cal.get(Calendar.YEAR));
	    System.out.println("月:" + (cal.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1));       
	    System.out.println("日:" + cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
	    System.out.println("时:" + cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
	    System.out.println("分:" + cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE));
	    System.out.println("秒:" + cal.get(Calendar.SECOND));
	}
}
private static Calendar createCalendar(TimeZone zone,
                                           Locale aLocale)
    {
        CalendarProvider provider =
            LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(CalendarProvider.class, aLocale)
                                 .getCalendarProvider();
        if (provider != null) {
            try {
                return provider.getInstance(zone, aLocale);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                // fall back to the default instantiation
            }
        }

        Calendar cal = null;

        if (aLocale.hasExtensions()) {
            String caltype = aLocale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
            if (caltype != null) {
                switch (caltype) {
                case "buddhist":
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "japanese":
                    cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "gregory":
                    cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (cal == null) {
            // If no known calendar type is explicitly specified,
            // perform the traditional way to create a Calendar:
            // create a BuddhistCalendar for th_TH locale,
            // a JapaneseImperialCalendar for ja_JP_JP locale, or
            // a GregorianCalendar for any other locales.
            // NOTE: The language, country and variant strings are interned.
            if (aLocale.getLanguage() == "th" && aLocale.getCountry() == "TH") {
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else if (aLocale.getVariant() == "JP" && aLocale.getLanguage() == "ja"
                       && aLocale.getCountry() == "JP") {
                cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else {
                cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            }
        }
        return cal;
    }

五、工厂模式小结

1)工厂模式的意义

将实例化对象的代码提取出来,放到一个类中统一管理和维护,达到和主项目的解耦,提高项目的扩展性

2)不要让类继承具体类,而是继承抽象类或者是实现interface接口

posted @ 2019-08-01 22:48  思丿无邪  阅读(158)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报