IntelliJ IDEA 2016配置SpringMVC及简单开发
这里最好是用Download，试过Use library，觉得少些东西。如果下载不了。可以试试设置http proxy，选择auto-detect proxy settings。下载完成后，项目创建成功，需要配置Tomcat。点击右上角Edit Configurations，再点击+ Add New Configuration，选择Tomcat Server-Local，弹出对话框：
在新对话框中，点击Configure，点击+配置Tomcat路径。然后再点击右下角Fix或者Deployment的+添加Artifact。配置就完成了。点击运行，如果不成功，右键项目名，Open Module Settings，查看Problems，Fix即可。
我们可以在src中开发自己的主页，建个包名，再建个Java class：
package com.zhang.javaweb.controllers; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * Created by Administrator on 2016/1/8 0008. */ @Controller public class MainController { @RequestMapping(value = "main.form", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String mainPage(ModelMap map, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { map.addAttribute("title", "我的网站"); return "main"; } }
同时在web/WEB-INFO/dispatcher-servlet.xml中配置：
base-package是包名，prefix的值是上文中返回的main页面所在的文件夹，suffix的值是main的后缀名，即返回的是web/pages/main.jsp。
在web/WEB-INFO/web.xml中，
由于这句话，我们的网页必须是以.form结尾，如iava文件中的@RequestMapping(value = "main.form", ...)，网址是http://localhost:8080/main.form。不想以.form结尾，可以将*.form换成/，并在java文件开始@Controller下面加上@RequestMapping("/")。如果想将http://localhost:8080也换为自己的页面，只需删除web文件夹中的index.jsp，在java文件中：
@Controller @RequestMapping("/")public class HelloController { @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public String printWelcome(ModelMap map) { map.addAttribute("message", "Hello World"); map.put("content", "This is my first spring mvc app"); return "hello"; } }
hello.jsp在web/pages中，
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: Administrator Date: 2016/1/9 0009 Time: 15:54 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" session="false" %> <html> <head> <title>${message}</title> </head> <body> Hello IDEA Spring <h1>${message}</h1> ${content}</body> </html>
运行结果如下：
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路径参数：
请求参数写在路径中，实现伪静态。
//路径参数 @RequestMapping(value = "/page/{name}/{age}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getName(ModelMap map, @PathVariable("name") String name, @PathVariable("age") int age) { map.addAttribute("name",name); map.addAttribute("age",age); return "name"; }
name.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"%> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <div> 名字:${name}<br> 年龄:${age}</div> </body> </html>
在网址输入localhost:8080/page/xiaoming/20
显示如下：
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Url参数：
//URL参数 @RequestMapping(value = "/page",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String result(ModelMap map, @RequestParam String name,@RequestParam int age){ map.addAttribute("name",name); map.addAttribute("age",age); return "name"; }
和表单提交方式一样http://localhost:8080/page?name=xiao&age=20
我们可以用Html表单把数据传入，再建一个页面：
@RequestMapping(value = "/adduser",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String addUser(ModelMap map){ return "add_user"; }
add_user.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %> <%@page pageEncoding="utf-8" %> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加用户</title> </head> <body> <%--//HTML表单--%> <form action="page" method="get"> 名字：<input type="text" name="name"><br> 年龄：<input type="number" name="age"><br> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
表单中的method和Url的Metho方法要一致。
SpringMVC也为我们提供了表单，可以在创建时就为它提供一些默认值。
<%--//SpringMVC表单--%> <form:form action="result" method="get" modelAttribute="user"> 名字：<form:input path="name"/><br> 年龄：<form:input path="age"/><br> <input type="submit"> </form:form>
modeAttribute的属性是我们为其提供的值，这里是一个java bean：
public class User { private String name; private int age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
修改一下adduser页面：
@RequestMapping(value = "/adduser",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String addUser(ModelMap map){ User u = new User(); u.setName("xiao"); u.setAge(20); map.addAttribute("user",u); return "add_user"; }
打开http://localhost:8080/adduser，页面的input中就会有默认值存在。
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配置Hibernate：
用xampp模拟服务器，打开Apache和MySQL，在phpmyadmin中创建一个user数据库。点击IDEA右侧Database-+-Data Source - MySQL，在对话框填入Database、User、Password，成功后页面如下：
数据连接成功后配置Hibernate框架，右键项目-Add Frameworks Support 勾选Hibernate
点击OK：
OK之后会生成Entity实体：
import javax.persistence.*; /** * Created by Administrator on 2016/1/10 0010. */ @Entity @Table(name = "users", schema = "mydb", catalog = "") public class UsersEntity { private long id; private String name; private byte age; @Id @Column(name = "id") public long getId() { return id; } public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } @Basic @Column(name = "name") public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Basic @Column(name = "age") public byte getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(byte age) { this.age = age; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; UsersEntity that = (UsersEntity) o; if (id != that.id) return false; if (age != that.age) return false; if (name != null ? !name.equals(that.name) : that.name != null) return false; return true; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = (int) (id ^ (id >>> 32)); result = 31 * result + (name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0); result = 31 * result + (int) age; return result; } }
可能需要配置hibernate.cfg.xml，注意这个文件需要放在web/WEB-INFO/classes/里面。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb</property> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password"></property> <mapping class="com.zhang.myjavaweb.db.entities.UsersEntity"/> <!-- DB schema will be updated if needed --> <!-- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> --> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect可能没有，需要下载mysql-connector-java-5.1.38-bin.jar放在libs里面，并在项目添加一下。同时Hibernate为自动生成一个main java文件的数据库连接方法：
public class main { private static final SessionFactory ourSessionFactory; private static final ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry; static { try { Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); configuration.configure(); serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry(); ourSessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } } public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException { return ourSessionFactory.openSession(); } // public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception { // final Session session = getSession(); // try { // System.out.println("querying all the managed entities..."); // final Map metadataMap = session.getSessionFactory().getAllClassMetadata(); // for (Object key : metadataMap.keySet()) { // final ClassMetadata classMetadata = (ClassMetadata) metadataMap.get(key); // final String entityName = classMetadata.getEntityName(); // final Query query = session.createQuery("from " + entityName); // System.out.println("executing: " + query.getQueryString()); // for (Object o : query.list()) { // System.out.println(" " + o); // } // } // } finally { // session.close(); // } // } }
下面注释的内容用不到，可以用来参考一下。为方便理解我将main修改为了DbConnection。
再在Controller里面建一个页面：
@RequestMapping(value = "users",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String listUsers(ModelMap map){ Session session = DbConnection.getSession(); List<User> list = session.createCriteria(UsersEntity.class).addOrder(Order.asc("id")).list();//Order.asc("id")按照id的正序排列 Order.desc 反序 map.addAttribute("users",list); session.close(); return "users"; }
users.jsp如下：
<%@ page import="com.jikexueyuan.myjavawebfor14.db.entities.UsersEntity" %> <%@ page import="java.util.List" %> <%@page pageEncoding="utf-8" %> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> <ol> <%for (UsersEntity e:(List<UsersEntity>)request.getAttribute("users")){%> <li>名字:<%out.print(e.getName());%>,年龄:<%out.print(e.getAge());%></li> <%}%> </ol> <a href="adduser">添加用户</a> </body> </html>
运行：
在此我添加了一个“添加用户”用来演示向数据库中加入数据，点击“添加用户”会跳转到adduser表单页面：
@RequestMapping(value = "/adduser",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String addUser(ModelMap map){ //可添加默认，也可不加 User u = new User(); u.setName("name"); u.setAge(0); map.addAttribute("user",u); return "add_user"; }
add_user.jsp还是前面的表单
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %> <%@page pageEncoding="utf-8" %> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加用户</title> </head> <body> <%--//HTML表单--%> <%--<form action="page" method="get">--%> <%--名字：<input type="text" name="name"><br>--%> <%--年龄：<input type="number" name="age"><br>--%> <%--<input type="submit">--%> <%--</form>--%> <%--//SpringMVC表单--%> <form:form action="result" method="get" modelAttribute="user"> 名字：<form:input path="name"/><br> 年龄：<form:input path="age"/><br> <input type="submit"> </form:form> </body> </html>
该表单将数据提交给result，我们在result中实现向数据库插入数据：
@RequestMapping(value = "/result",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String result(ModelMap map, @RequestParam String name, @RequestParam int age, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ map.addAttribute("name",name); map.addAttribute("age",age); Session session = DbConnection.getSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); UsersEntity ue = new UsersEntity(); ue.setName(name); ue.setAge((byte) age); session.save(ue); transaction.commit(); session.close(); return "result"; }
result.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"%> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> </head> <body> 名字：${name}<br> 年龄：${age}<% response.sendRedirect("users"); %> </body> </html>
可以看到result页面直接跳转到了users页面，既不会显示result页面，只用于中间操作。
在http://localhost:8080/adduser页面添加用户，点击提交，会在http://localhost:8080/users页面看到新的users数据，同时查看phpmyadmin的数据库，也可看到加入了新数据。
