【推荐 - glibc安装】MySQL - 安装
准备
- 查看Linux系统的glibc运行使用的C语言库版本信息
[root@lab10 ~]# getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION
glibc 2.17
[root@lab10 ~]# ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.17
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep glibc
glibc-common-2.17-317.el7.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.17-317.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-317.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-317.el7.x86_64
compat-glibc-2.12-4.el7.centos.x86_64
compat-glibc-headers-2.12-4.el7.centos.x86_64
- 查看操作系统的版本信息
[root@lab10 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
- 查看操作系统的网卡地址
[root@lab10 ~]# ip address show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ec:f2:1b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.1.1.10/24 brd 10.1.1.255 scope global ens32
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feec:f21b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 查看系统本地域名解析信息
[root@lab10 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 查看防火墙服务是否关闭
[root@lab10 ~]# getenforce
Permissive
- 清除系统自带的mariadb数据库服务相关的程序包
[root@lab10 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@lab10 ~]# yum remove -y mariadb-libs
- 安装数据库服务程序所需的依赖软件包
yum install -y libaio-devel
- 需要修改链接库信息（只有
centos 8系统才需要进行操作修改）
[root@xiaoQ-01 ~]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5
或者
[root@xiaoQ-01 ~]# yum install ncurses-compat-libs
下载 MySQL
Product Version:
8.2.0
Operating System:Linux - Generic
OS Version:Linux - Generic (glibc 2.17) (ARM, 64-bit)
选择Compressed TAR Archive下载
下载链接如下：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.2.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
文件全称：mysql-8.2.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
文件md5：5e37b5f8988d2bc0bfabc39f5b7f9a08
创建MySQL的源码目录
mkdir -p /opt/mysql
上传 MySQL
使用工具上传 MySQL
或者
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.2.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
进入mysql源码目录
cd /opt/mysql
解压
tar -xvf mysql-8.2.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64.tar.xz
迁移mysql工作目录
mv mysql-8.2.0-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
配置数据库服务程序环境变量
[root@lab10 ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@lab10 ~]# source /etc/profile
可以获取数据库服务版本信息表示环境变量配置生效
[root@lab10 mysql]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 8.2.0 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
创建数据库服务管理用户信息
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
创建一个数据库专用账号mysql（其所属组也为mysql）
数据库初始化操作
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql &> /root/mysql_init_password.txt
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
上面的操作为设置安全加密连接（SSL），数据传输会采用加密形式，适合敏感数据
MySQL 的 mysql_ssl_rsa_setup 命令已经被弃用，并将在未来的版本中被移除的警告。告警如下
WARNING: mysql_ssl_rsa_setup is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use the mysqld server instead.
MySQL 8.0 以后的版本默认会在服务器启动时自动生成 SSL 和 RSA 文件，所以 mysql_ssl_rsa_setup 命令不再需要。如果你的 MySQL 版本是 8.0 或更高，你可以直接忽略这个警告。
复制mysql脚本
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
编辑mysqld
vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
修改内容如下
# 第46行
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
启动mysql
service mysqld start
进入mysql工作目录
cd /usr/local/mysql
创建my.cnf的配置文件
vim my.cnf
修改内容如下
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog => 一定要开启二进制日志
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4 => utf8mb4相当于utf8升级版
配置完成后，重启mysqld服务
service mysqld restart
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
查看是否启动
[root@lab10 mysql]# netstat -ntlp | grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 58001/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 58001/mysqld
获取root默认密码
grep "password" /root/mysql_init_password.txt
内容如下：
2023-09-12T07:56:02.593722Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kK%N&gY4ro5i
登录MySQL
mysql -uroot -p'kK%N&gY4ro5i'
修改root密码，此后root的密码位Flzx3qc@
ALTER user user() identified by 'Flzx3qc@';
flush privileges;
开启root远程登录
use mysql;
select host,user,plugin from user;
- 如果是
plugin == caching_sha2_password
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH sha256_password BY 'Flzx3qc@';
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
- 如果是
plugin == sha256_password
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
查看版本信息与编码格式
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.33 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8mb3 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
使用Navicat连接MySQL
略
安装参考：https://blog.csdn.net/Controller000/article/details/131121126
其他
也可以使用如下，未经过测试
# 数据库服务初始化操作过程
[root@xiaoQ-01 local]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data
2022-10-11T16:33:20.057586Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 33820
2022-10-11T16:33:20.099560Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-10-11T16:33:20.490688Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-10-11T16:33:21.202672Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-10-11T16:33:21.203068Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-10-11T16:33:21.292047Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
-- 数据库初始化过程，就是将数据库默认的系统数据信息创建出来，以及根据配置文件激活数据库的特定功能；
# 数据库服务初始化经典报错信息
报错情况-01：
[报错信息]：
mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[解决方法]：
yum install -y libaio-devel
报错情况-02：
[报错信息]：
initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
The designated data directory /data/3306/data/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
[解决方法]：
rm -rf /data/3306/data/*
好好学习，天天向上。
