docker知识2---docker简介

一、docker介绍

容器:一种将运行环境与app打包的技术;解决了开发与运维之间的矛盾,是DevOPS最佳解决方案;可运行在多种主流OS上,共享同一个OS内核,实现应用间的隔离;

Docker是一个容器的开源软件项目,使用namespace,cgroup,union filesystem等技术实现进程的视图及资源隔离。

Docker 包括三个基本概念:

  • 镜像(Image):Docker 镜像(Image),就相当于是一个 root 文件系统。比如官方镜像 ubuntu:16.04 就包含了完整的一套 Ubuntu16.04 最小系统的 root 文件系统。
  • 容器(Container):镜像(Image)和容器(Container)的关系,就像是面向对象程序设计中的类和实例一样,镜像是静态的定义,容器是镜像运行时的实体。容器可以被创建、启动、停止、删除、暂停等。
  • 仓库(Repository):仓库可看成一个代码控制中心,用来保存镜像。

Docker 使用客户端-服务器 (C/S) 架构模式,使用远程API来管理和创建Docker容器。

在Docker旧版本中,Docker引擎核心组件有:LXC(Linux Container)和 Docker daemon。Docker daemon 是单一的二进制文件,包含诸如 Docker 客户端、Docker API、容器运行时、镜像构建等。LXC 提供了对诸如命名空间(Namespace)和控制组(CGroup)等基础工具的操作能力,它们是基于Linux内核的容器虚拟化技术。

在 Docker 0.9 版本中,Libcontainer 取代 LXC 成为默认的执行驱动。后来,开始努力着手拆解这个大而全的 Docker daemon 进程,并将其模块化。目前, Docker引擎主要组件:

  Docker客户端(Docker Client):用户与docker守护进程交互的接口。
  Docker守护进程(Docker daemon):接受客户端指令并协调docker组件工作。
  containerd:它的主要任务是容器的生命周期管理——start | stop | pause | rm....;
  runc:是实现无 daemon 的容器(用于将运行中的容器与 daemon 解耦,以便进行 daemon 升级等操作)不可或缺的工具。实质是一个轻量级的、针对 Libcontainer 进行了包装的命令行交互工具(Libcontainer 取代了早期 Docker 架构中的 LXC)。

它们共同负责容器的创建和运行。

 

二、docker底层技术

namespaces:进行应用隔离,如:pid、net、mpt、ipc、uts;

ctrolgroups限制容器使用的资源;

union filesystems:容器与镜像的分层文件系统;

 

三、docker命令

docker命令类别:管理命令、普通命令;

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

  

 

posted on 2021-07-27 17:31  chalon  阅读(99)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报