DVWA靶场通关----(3) CSRF教程
CSRF(跨站请求伪造)
CSRF(跨站请求伪造),全称为Cross-site request forgery,简单来说,是攻击者利用受害者尚未失效的身份认证信息,诱骗受害者点击恶意链接或含有攻击代码的页面,在受害者不知情的情况下以受害者的身份像服务器发起请求,从而实现非法攻击(改密)。
CSRF主题:
Low
源码解析
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) { // Get input //获取两个输入框的密码 $pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ]; $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ]; // Do the passwords match? //查看两次输入的是否一致 if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) { // They do! //如果一致就直接插入数据库 $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass_new = md5( $pass_new ); // Update the database $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); // Feedback for the user echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>"; } else { // Issue with passwords matching echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } ?>
通过GET方式获取两次密码,两次密码输入一致的话,就可以直接带入数据中修改密码。
漏洞复现
(1)先来做个尝试,将密码改成123456,两次都输入123456,发现直接修改成功了
(2)测试一下密码123456,先测试一下原来的密码(原来的密码就是你登录DVWA的密码)
原来的密码很明显已经不行了,接下来试一下123456
(3)经过上面的尝试发现可以成功修改账号密码,而且我们发现了URL那里的变化,接下来我们从URL处入手再改一下,首先先重置一下数据库,把密码改回来。
在 C:\phpstudy_pro\WWW 文件夹中建立一个 1.html ,里面写入
<img src="http://127.0.0.3/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=123456&password_conf=123456&Change=Change#" border="0" style="display:none;"/>
<h1>404<h1>
<h2>file not found.<h2>
这样的话,当我们打开 1.html 文件的时候,密码就会被修改成123456,(诱骗受害者点击这个1.html文件)
Medium
源码解析
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) { // Checks to see where the request came from //stripos(str1, str2)检查str2在str1中出现的位置(不区分大小写),如果有返//回True,反之False //判断Host字段是否出现在referer字段中 if( stripos( $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false ) { // Get input $pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ]; $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ]; // Do the passwords match? if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) { // They do! $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass_new = md5( $pass_new ); // Update the database $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); // Feedback for the user echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>"; } else { // Issue with passwords matching echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>"; } } else { // Didn't come from a trusted source echo "<pre>That request didn't look correct.</pre>"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } ?>
Medium级别的代码检查了保留变量 HTTP_REFERER(http包头的Referer参数的值,表示来源地址)中是否包含SERVER_NAME(http包头的Host参数,及要访问的主机名,这里是127.0.0.3),希望通过这种机制抵御CSRF攻击。
漏洞复现
其实意思是这个referer中只要出现Host就可以正常操作
恶意网站中是这样的,显然是不成立的
Host 127.0.0.3
Referer http://127.0.0.1/
如果是这样的呢
Host 127.0.0.3
Referer http://127.0.0.1/127.0.0.3.html
这样就可以绕过,从而实现改密的操作了。
High
源码解析
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) { // Check Anti-CSRF token //可以看到加入了token机制 checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); // Get input $pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ]; $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ]; // Do the passwords match? if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) { // They do! $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass_new = md5( $pass_new ); // Update the database $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' ); // Feedback for the user echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>"; } else { // Issue with passwords matching echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } // Generate Anti-CSRF token generateSessionToken(); ?>
High级别的代码增加了Anti-CSRF token机制,用户每次访问改密页面时,服务器会返回一个随机的token,向服务器发起请求时,需要提交token参数,而服务器在收到请求时,会优先检查token,只有token正确,才会处理客户端请求。
漏洞复现
思路:利用xss,xss可以执行代码,获取token(在这路利用XSS其实是获取的cookie值,但是cookie值中是包含token值的,所以在这个地方我们使用XSS执行。参考文章:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaof/p/6281482.html)
(1)利用XSS获取cookie
<script>alert(document.cookie)</script>
复制: PHPSESSID=8kha1nlrqamui5c8n6k1au4md1; security=low
(2)抓包修改密码
Impossible
源码分析
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) { // Check Anti-CSRF token checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); // Get input //输入原来的密码 $pass_curr = $_GET[ 'password_current' ]; $pass_new = $_GET[ 'password_new' ]; $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ]; // Sanitise current password input $pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr ); $pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr ); // Check that the current password is correct $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); // Do both new passwords match and does the current password match the user? if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) { // It does! $pass_new = stripslashes( $pass_new ); $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass_new = md5( $pass_new ); // Update database with new password $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' ); $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); // Feedback for the user echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>"; } else { // Issue with passwords matching echo "<pre>Passwords did not match or current password incorrect.</pre>"; } } // Generate Anti-CSRF token generateSessionToken(); ?>
漏洞复现
要求我们先输入密码再修改,攻击者不知道原始密码的情况下是无法发起 CSRF 攻击的。
常见防范措施
1、加入Anti-CSRF,每次向客户端发送一个随机数,当客户端向服务器发送数据时对比随机数从而确定身份
2、获取当前用户密码,以此判断是否为当前用户操作
3、二次确认(提示、二次密码、验证码)