DVWA靶场通关----(1) Brute Force教程

Brute Force(暴力破解)

Brute Force(暴力破解),就是指黑客利用黑客字典,通过穷举法猜测用户口令。

Brute Force主题:

 Low

源码解析

<?php
//检查变量是否设置(先看有没有Login参数)
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
//获取用户
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
//获取密码
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
//将密码使用md5加密
    $pass = md5( $pass );
//构建SQL语句,查询结果保存在query变量中
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
//数据库查询,将查询结果保存在result变量中,查到了,保存用户具体信息;未查到,就在页面上输入错误结果,result为空
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
//结果存在并且返回一条记录,说明查到了
    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
//查询结果关联数据row,row已经变成键值对
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
//获取登录成功图片
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];
        // Login successful
//登录成功,输出到页面上
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed
//未查到,错误信息输出到页面上
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
    }
//释放资源
    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

漏洞复现

(1)先随便输入一个用户名和密码,使用burp抓包

在这里我们可以看到是使用get获取参数,且是明文传输,没有验证码类的验证机制,所以可以使用爆破。

 

 (2)抓到包后,右键点击Send to Intruder,将抓到的包转到Intruder

 

将抓到的包发送到Intruder时,会存在很多变量,在页面右侧可以将他们全部清理掉,然后在存在爆破点的地方再添加上我们想要他存在的变量。

选择合适的攻击类型,在这里我选择的是第四个:Cluster bomb

(关于四个攻击类型的简介,有想要了解的朋友可以看我另一篇帖子:https://www.cnblogs.com/chadlas/p/15706226.html)

(3)成功

 在上面的Cluster bomb中的截图中我们可以看到,成功到找到了用户的账号密码,像这种正确的账户密码,我们可以通过后面的Length进行判断,一般正确的都是唯一的

 

Medium

源码解析

<?php
//是否存在Login变量(标签里面的name),检查是否存在Login按钮
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
    // Sanitise username input
//获取用户名,存入user变量里
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
//user中x00,n,r,,’,”,x1a转义,防SQL注入
    $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitise password input
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
//pass中x00,n,r,,’,”,x1a转义,防SQL注入
    $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
//密码加密
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Check the database
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
        // Get users details
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];

        // Login successful
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed,失败后会延时2s
        sleep( 2 );
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

漏洞复现

  关于Medium难度,它的源码中对于登录这一方面并没有做太多的改动,因此它的爆破过程与Low难度的过程基本一样,想要尝试的朋友可以参考Low难度中的爆破过程,区别是每一次登录失败后会延时2s,别的就没有什么改动了,总体过程影响不大。

  另外在这个Medium难度的源码中,它对防止注入做了很多的工作,像比如说,它使用了mysql_real_escape_string 函数,这个函数可以对字符串中的函数进行转义,一定程度上可以防止sql注入,到这个地方会不会想到在Low难度中是否可以通过注入来绕过,可以去试一下。(我在这个地方用了万能密码发现是可以的,在Username处:admin' or '1'='1,在Password处随便填点东西,像123这样的都行,这样就可以成功登陆了)

 

High

源码解析

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Login' ] ) && isset ($_POST['username']) && isset ($_POST['password']) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Sanitise username input
    $user = $_POST[ 'username' ];
    $user = stripslashes( $user );
    $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitise password input
    $pass = $_POST[ 'password' ];
    $pass = stripslashes( $pass );
    $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Default values
    $total_failed_login = 3;
    $lockout_time       = 15;
    $account_locked     = false;

    // Check the database (Check user information)
//如果在锁定状态就输出已被锁定
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();

    // Check to see if the user has been locked out.
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) )  {
        // User locked out.  Note, using this method would alLow for user enumeration!
        //echo "<pre><br />This account has been locked due to too many incorrect logins.</pre>";

        // Calculate when the user would be alLowed to login again
//计算用户能再次登录的时间
        $last_login = strtotime( $row[ 'last_login' ] );
        $timeout    = $last_login + ($lockout_time * 60);
        $timenow    = time();

        /*
        print "The last login was: " . date ("h:i:s", $last_login) . "<br />";
        print "The timenow is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timenow) . "<br />";
        print "The timeout is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timeout) . "<br />";
        */

        // Check to see if enough time has passed, if it hasn't locked the account
        if( $timenow < $timeout ) {
            $account_locked = true;
            // print "The account is locked<br />";
        }
    }

    // Check the database (if username matches the password)
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR);
    $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();

    // If its a valid login...
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) {
        // Get users details
        $avatar       = $row[ 'avatar' ];
        $failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ];
        $last_login   = $row[ 'last_login' ];

        // Login successful
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area <em>{$user}</em></p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";

        // Had the account been locked out since last login?
        if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) {
            echo "<p><em>Warning</em>: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.</p>";
            echo "<p>Number of login attempts: <em>{$failed_login}</em>.<br />Last login attempt was at: <em>${last_login}</em>.</p>";
        }

        // Reset bad login count
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    } else {
        // Login failed
        sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) );

        // Give the user some feedback
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.<br /><br/>Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.<br />If this is the case, <em>please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes</em>.</pre>";

        // Update bad login count
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    }

    // Set the last login time
    $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

漏洞复现

  在这个难度中,首先从代码中可以发现是加了token验证的。针对这种带有token验证的,我们也可以使用Burp去爆破,接下来是具体的一些步骤:

(1)经典抓包,在这个页面中很容易看到了token值

 (2)在Intruder中,攻击类型选择Pitchfork,后面的变量一个是password,另一个是token值

 (3)关于第一个变量password的字典,就不在详细说了,详细说一下变量token值得处理

设置线程数为1 

 点了ok按钮后会在那个ADD按钮后面添加生成的那个正则表达式,不用管,添加上就行,没添加上的多试几次(在这里有一个点是刚开始抓的包不要释放,否则这个地方获取不到代码)

 在这个地方注意选择Always

 (3)看效果

 

Impossible

源码分析

// 检验 token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
 
    // 过滤 username 和 password
    $user = $_POST[ 'username' ];
    $user = stripslashes( $user );
    $user = mysql_real_escape_string( $user );
    $pass = $_POST[ 'password' ];
    $pass = stripslashes( $pass );
    $pass = mysql_real_escape_string( $pass );
    $pass = md5( $pass );
 
    // 失败登录次数 3 锁定时间单位 15 账户锁定
    $total_failed_login = 3;
    $lockout_time       = 15;
    $account_locked     = false;
 
    // 验证用户名和密码
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();
 
    // 检查用户是否已被锁定.
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) )  {
 
        // 登录失败超过 3 次 15 分钟再尝试
        $last_login = $row[ 'last_login' ];
        $last_login = strtotime( $last_login );
        $timeout    = strtotime( "{$last_login} +{$lockout_time} minutes" );
        $timenow    = strtotime( "now" );
 
        // 检查是否已经过了足够的时间,是否没有锁定帐户
        if( $timenow > $timeout )
            $account_locked = true;
    }
 
    // 检验用户名和密码
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR);
    $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();
 
    // 如果登录有效
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) {
        // 获取用户头像、登录测试、和最近登录
        $avatar       = $row[ 'avatar' ];
        $failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ];
        $last_login   = $row[ 'last_login' ];
 
        // 输出登录成功信息
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area <em>{$user}</em></p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
 
        // 自上次登录后帐户是否已被锁定?
        if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) {
            echo "<p><em>Warning</em>: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.</p>";
            echo "<p>Number of login attempts: <em>{$failed_login}</em>.<br />Last login attempt was at: <em>${last_login}</em>.</p>";
        }
 
        // 重置登录失败次数
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    }
    else {
        // 登录失败随机延时并输出返回信息
        sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) );
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.<br /><br/>Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.<br />If this is the case, <em>please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes</em>.</pre>";
 
        // 更新登录失败数
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    }
 
    // 设置最后的登录时间
    $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();

  这个难度是最高的难度,其中的改变都有GET提交方式改为POST提交方式,同样加了token校验机制,还有就是他限制的登录的次数,如果登录失败3次,账户就会被锁定,需要等待15,然后才能重新尝试。

  以上就是这个靶场中,个人的一些笔记整理,欢迎各位大佬互相交流学习,有不对的地方勿喷。

posted @ 2021-12-18 22:18  常青园  阅读(4217)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报