Perl脚本通过Expect登陆多台设备批量执行命令并Log

本例子尝试使用Perl脚本借助Expect模块实现如下目的:

  • 登陆多台设备

设备登陆信息按如下格式存放于文件中。

$ cat hosts.txt
192.168.30.7:node1:telnet:bee1:123456
192.168.30.66:node2:ssh:bee2:123456
  • 在每台设备上批量执行命令

要执行的命令集合按如下格式存放于文件中。

$ cat cmds.txt
date
w
ifconfig
more mylog.txt
  • Perl脚本实现,使用了Expect模块

借助Expect模块实现登陆,执行命令,捕获命令回显,取日志,自动回复more分页,ping探测主机等功能。
脚本中的语句形式可供参考。

  • 脚本如下:
#! /usr/bin/perl

#安装模块
#cpan
#install Expect
#install Net::Ping
#perl -MCPAN -e "install autodie"

use utf8;
use Expect;
use autodie;
use Net::Ping;

#0为关闭本地回显
#$Expect::Log_Stdout=0;
$ENV{TERM}="xterm";
#不进行缓冲直接进文件
#$|=1;

#cmds.txt的文件格式:
#一行一条命令
my @cmds;
my $cmds_file="./cmds.txt";
open CMDS,"<",$cmds_file or die "Can't open file $cmds_file: $!\n";
print "commands to run: \n";
while(<CMDS>){
    print "$_";
    chomp;
    push @cmds,$_;
}
close CMDS;
print "=============================\n";

mkdir 'log' unless -e 'log';
chomp(my $now=`date +%y%m%d`);
my $exp=Expect->new;
#$exp->raw_pty(1);

#hosts.txt的文件格式:
#IPv4地址:主机名:登陆方式(ssh/telnet):用户名:密码
my $hosts_file="./hosts.txt";
open HOSTS,"<",$hosts_file or die "Can't open file $hosts_file: $!\n";
while(<HOSTS>){
    chomp;
    @host=split /:/;
    if(&ping_host(@host)){
        &login_host(@host);
    }
}
close HOSTS;
print "Loging finished!\n";

#子程序
sub login_host{
    print "login to $_[1]($_[0])...\n";
    my $user=$_[3];
    my $passwd=$_[4];
    my $ahost=$_[1];
    
    if($_[2] =~ /ssh/i){
        $exp=Expect->spawn("ssh -l $user $_[0]") or die "Can't login to $_[1]($_[0]): $!\n";
        $exp->expect(3,
            [ #使用正则来表达包含关系
                qr/connecting\s\(yes\/no\)\?/i,
                sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send("yes\n");
                        exp_continue;
                }
            ],
            [
                qr/password:/i,
                sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send("$passwd\n");
                        exp_continue_timeout;
                }
            ]
        );
        #取log
        $exp->log_file("log/$_[1]-$now.log", "w");
        $exp->send("\n"); 
        
        foreach (@cmds){
            $exp->send("$_\n");
            $exp->expect(2,
                [ #使用正则来表达包含关系
                    qr/\[>#$\]/,
                    sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send("\n");
                        exp_continue_timeout;
                    }
                ],
                [
                    qr/--More--/i,
                    sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send(" ");
                        exp_continue;
                    }
                ]
            );
        }
        #关闭log
        $exp->log_file(undef);
        #退出登陆
        $exp->send("exit\n") if ($exp->expect(undef,'-re' => '[>#$]')); #undef是痴等
        print "\nLogout from $_[1]($_[0])\n";
    }else{
        $exp=Expect->spawn("telnet $_[0]") or die "Can't login to $_[1]($_[0]): $!\n";
        $exp->expect(30,
            [ #使用正则来表达包含关系,否则就是精确匹配
                qr/$ahost login:/i,
                sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send("$user\n");
                        exp_continue;
                }
            ],
            [
                qr/Password:/i,
                sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send("$passwd\n");
                        exp_continue_timeout;
                }
            ]
        );
        #取log
        $exp->log_file("log/$_[1]-$now.log", "w");
        $exp->send("\n"); 
        
        foreach (@cmds){
            $exp->send("$_\n");
            $exp->expect(2,
                [ #使用正则来表达包含关系,否则就是精确匹配
                    qr/\[>#$\]/,
                    sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send("\n");
                        exp_continue_timeout;
                    }
                ],
                [
                    qr/--More--/i,
                    sub {
                        my $self=shift;
                        $self->send(" ");
                        exp_continue;
                    }
                ]
            );
        }
        #关闭log
        $exp->log_file(undef);
        #退出登陆
        $exp->send("exit\n") if ($exp->expect(undef,'-re' => '[>#$]')); #undef是痴等
        print "\nLogout from $_[1]($_[0])\n";
    }
}

sub ping_host{
    $p=Net::Ping->new("icmp");
    if($p->ping($_[0])){
        print "$_[1]($_[0]) is alive\n";
        return 1;
    }else{
        print "$_[1]($_[0]) is die\n";
        return 0;
    }
}
posted @ 2019-08-10 14:42  cerana  阅读(420)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报