ajax中的setRequestHeader设置请求头
1、问题引发点:
前不久发现一个问题: 前端并没有设置请求头信息里面的Accept-Encoding:gzip...但是在请求头中可以明显的看到Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, sdch,并且我尝试修改这个请求头,发现 不 生 效;
2、XMLHttpRequest对象提供了一个设置请求头的方法:setRequestHeader,对应的jQuery可以再beforeSend回调里面设置请求头:
$.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "test.php", success: function(data) { console.log(data); }, beforeSend: function(xhr) { xhr.setRequestHeader("User-Agent", "headertest"); } });
3、后来看W3C标准文档发现,这个请求头不是什么都可以设置的,标准里面明确规定了以下请求头信息是浏览器控制,开发者不允许设置这些请求头
Terminate these steps if header is a case-insensitive match for one of the following headers:
Accept-Charset
Accept-Encoding
Access-Control-Request-Headers
Access-Control-Request-Method
Connection
Content-Length
Cookie
Cookie2
Date
DNT
Expect
Host
Keep-Alive
Origin
Referer
TE
Trailer
Transfer-Encoding
Upgrade
User-Agent
Via
… or if the start of header is a case-insensitive match for Proxy-
or Sec-
(including when header is just Proxy-
or Sec-
).
The above headers are controlled by the user agent to let it control those aspects of transport. This guarantees data integrity to some extent. Header names starting with Sec-
are not allowed to be set to allow new headers to be minted that are guaranteed not to come fromXMLHttpRequest
.
4、例子:
testAE.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>test</title> </head> <script type="text/javascript" src="./jquery.1.8.1.min.js"></script> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> $.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "./testAE.php", success: function(data) { $("body").append(data); }, beforeSend: function(xhr) { xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept-Encoding", "testAE"); } }); </script> </body> </html>
testAE.php
<?php /*回传ACCEPT_ENCODING*/ echo $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']; ?>
chrome:
ie:
控制台:
可以看到jQuery也会提示你这样设置是不安全的。
在mozila官方论坛里面也有相应的讨论:Ajax setRequestHeader;