【动手学深度学习】深度学习计算
深度学习计算
本文为李沐老师《动手学深度学习》一书的学习笔记,原书地址为:Dive into Deep Learning。
文章目录
1. 模型构造
1.1 继承Module
类来构造
import torch
from torch import nn
class MLP(nn.Module):
# 声明带有模型参数的层,这里声明了两个全连接层
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
# 调用MLP父类Module的构造函数来进行必要的初始化。这样在构造实例时还可以指定其他函数
# 参数,如“模型参数的访问、初始化和共享”一节将介绍的模型参数params
super(MLP, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.hidden = nn.Linear(784, 256) # 隐藏层
self.act = nn.ReLU() # 激活层
self.output = nn.Linear(256, 10) # 输出层
# 定义模型的前向计算,即如何根据输入x计算返回所需要的模型输出
def forward(self, x):
a = self.act(self.hidden(x))
return self.output(a)
1.2 Sequential
类来构造
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(4, 3), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(3, 1)) # pytorch已进行默认初始化
print(net)
#Sequential(
# (0): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=3, bias=True)
# (1): ReLU()
# (2): Linear(in_features=3, out_features=1, bias=True)
#)
2. 模型参数的访问、初始化和共享
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(4, 3), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(3, 1)) # pytorch已进行默认初始化
print(net)
X = torch.rand(2, 4)
Y = net(X).sum()
2.1 访问模型的层数据
2.1.1 访问多层感知机net
的所有层数
print(type(net.named_parameters()))
for name, param in net.named_parameters():
print(name, param.size())
<class 'generator'>
0.weight torch.Size([3, 4])
0.bias torch.Size([3])
2.weight torch.Size([1, 3])
2.bias torch.Size([1])
2.1.2 索引访问任意层
索引0表示隐藏层为
Sequential
实例最先添加的层。
for name, param in net[0].named_parameters():
print(name, param.size(), type(param))
weight torch.Size([3, 4]) <class 'torch.nn.parameter.Parameter'>
bias torch.Size([3]) <class 'torch.nn.parameter.Parameter'>
2.2 初始化模型参数
将权重参数初始化成均值为0、标准差为0.01的正态分布随机数,并依然将偏差参数清零。
for name, param in net.named_parameters():
if 'weight' in name:
init.normal_(param, mean=0, std=0.01)
print(name, param.data)
0.weight tensor([[ 0.0030, 0.0094, 0.0070, -0.0010],
[ 0.0001, 0.0039, 0.0105, -0.0126],
[ 0.0105, -0.0135, -0.0047, -0.0006]])
2.weight tensor([[-0.0074, 0.0051, 0.0066]])
for name, param in net.named_parameters():
if 'bias' in name:
init.constant_(param, val=0)
print(name, param.data)
0.bias tensor([0., 0., 0.])
2.bias tensor([0.])
2.3 读模型参数
class MLP(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(MLP, self).__init__()
self.hidden = nn.Linear(3, 2)
self.act = nn.ReLU()
self.output = nn.Linear(2, 1)
def forward(self, x):
a = self.act(self.hidden(x))
return self.output(a)
net = MLP()
net.state_dict()
OrderedDict([('hidden.weight', tensor([[ 0.2448, 0.1856, -0.5678],
[ 0.2030, -0.2073, -0.0104]])),
('hidden.bias', tensor([-0.3117, -0.4232])),
('output.weight', tensor([[-0.4556, 0.4084]])),
('output.bias', tensor([-0.3573]))])
2.4 读优化器参数
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)
optimizer.state_dict()
{'param_groups': [{'dampening': 0,
'lr': 0.001,
'momentum': 0.9,
'nesterov': False,
'params': [4736167728, 4736166648, 4736167368, 4736165352],
'weight_decay': 0}],
'state': {}}
3. 保存和加载模型
PyTorch中保存和加载训练模型有两种常见的方法:
- 仅保存和加载模型参数(
state_dict
);- 保存和加载整个模型。
3.1 保存和加载state_dict
(推荐方式)
保存:
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH) # 推荐的文件后缀名是pt或pthCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
加载:
model = TheModelClass(*args, **kwargs)
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH))
3.2 保存和加载整个模型
保存:
torch.save(model, PATH)
加载:
model = torch.load(PATH)