ArcGIS version not specified. You must call RuntimeManager.

1.Form1.Designer.cs

private void InitializeComponent()函数中加第一句：

System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources = new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(Form1));

2.Program.cs文件中

main函数中：

Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
ESRI.ArcGIS.RuntimeManager.Bind(ESRI.ArcGIS.ProductCode.EngineOrDesktop);//加这句话

Application.Run(new Form1());