Spring 框架Bean的初始化和销毁---方式:BeanPostProcessor后置处理器
BeanPostProcessor后置处理器概述
首先,我们来看下BeanPostProcessor的源码,看下它到底是个什么鬼,如下所示。
package org.springframework.beans.factory.config; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; public interface BeanPostProcessor { @Nullable default Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { return bean; } @Nullable default Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { return bean; } }
从源码可以看出:BeanPostProcessor是一个接口,其中有两个方法,postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization两个方法,这两个方法分别是在spring容器中的bean初始化前后执行,所以spring容器中的每一个bean对象初始化前后,都会执行BeanPostProcessor接口的实现类的这两个方法。
也就是说,postProcessBeforeInitialization方法会在bean实例化和属性设置之后,自定义初始化方法之前被调用,而postProcessAfterInitialization方法会在自定义初始化方法之后被调用。当容器中存在多个BeanPostProcessor的实现类时,会按照它们在容器中注册的顺序执行。对于自定义BeanPostProcessor实现类,还可以让其实现Ordered接口自定义排序。
因此我们可以在每个bean对象初始化前后,加上自己的逻辑。实现方式:自定义一个BeanPostProcessor接口的实现类MyBeanPostProcessor,然后在类MyBeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization方法里面写上自己的逻辑。
BeanPostProcessor后置处理器实例
我们创建一个MyBeanPostProcessor类,实现BeanPostProcessor接口,如下所示。
package io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.bean; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("调用了postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,beanName = " + beanName + ", bean = " + bean); return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("调用了postProcessAfterInitialization,beanName = " + beanName + ", bean = " + bean); return bean; } }
接下来,我们运行BeanLifeCircleTest类的testBeanLifeCircle04()方法,输出的结果信息如下所示。
调用了postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,beanName = animalConfig, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.config.AnimalConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$e8ab4f2e@56528192 调用了postProcessAfterInitialization,beanName = animalConfig, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.config.AnimalConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$e8ab4f2e@56528192 Cat类的构造方法... 调用了postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,beanName = cat, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.bean.Cat@1b1473ab Cat的postConstruct()方法... Cat的init()方法... 调用了postProcessAfterInitialization,beanName = cat, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.bean.Cat@1b1473ab Cat的preDestroy()方法... Cat的destroy()方法...
可以看到,postProcessBeforeInitialization方法会在bean实例化和属性设置之后,自定义初始化方法之前被调用,而postProcessAfterInitialization方法会在自定义初始化方法之后被调用。
也可以让实现Ordered接口自定义排序,如下所示。
package io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.bean; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author binghe * @version 1.0.0 * @description 测试BeanPostProcessor */ @Component public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, Ordered { @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("调用了postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,beanName = " + beanName + ", bean = " + bean); return bean; } @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("调用了postProcessAfterInitialization,beanName = " + beanName + ", bean = " + bean); return bean; } @Override public int getOrder() { return 3; } }
再次运行BeanLifeCircleTest类的testBeanLifeCircle04()方法,输出的结果信息如下所示。
调用了postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,beanName = animalConfig, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.config.AnimalConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$b045438a@1ed1993a 调用了postProcessAfterInitialization,beanName = animalConfig, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.config.AnimalConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$b045438a@1ed1993a Cat类的构造方法... 调用了postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,beanName = cat, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.bean.Cat@36c88a32 Cat的postConstruct()方法... Cat的init()方法... 调用了postProcessAfterInitialization,beanName = cat, bean = io.mykit.spring.plugins.register.bean.Cat@36c88a32 Cat的preDestroy()方法... Cat的destroy()方法...
后置处理器用于bean对象初始化前后进行逻辑增强。spring提供了BeanPostProcessor的很多实现类,例如AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor用于@Autowired注解的实现,AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator用于SpringAOP的动态代理等等。
除此之外,我们还可以自定义BeanPostProcessor的实现类,在其中写入需要的逻辑。下面以AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator为例,说明后置处理器是怎样工作的。我们都知道springAOP的实现原理是动态代理,最终放入容器的是代理类的对象,而不是bean本身的对象,那么spring是什么时候做到这一步的?就是在AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator后置处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法,即bean对象初始化完成之后,后置处理器会判断该bean是否注册了切面,如果是,则生成代理对象注入容器。Spring中的关键代码如下所示。
/** * Create a proxy with the configured interceptors if the bean is * identified as one to proxy by the subclass. * @see #getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean */ @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(@Nullable Object bean, String beanName) { if (bean != null) { Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName); if (this.earlyProxyReferences.remove(cacheKey) != bean) { return wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey); } } return bean; }