2、彩色图片识别
- 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
- 🍦 参考文章:365天深度学习训练营-第P2周:彩色识别
- 🍖 原作者:K同学啊|接辅导、项目定制
In [1]:
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torchvision
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device
Out[1]:
2、导入数据¶
CIFAR10 数据集是由 Hinton 的学生 Alex Krizhevsky 和 Ilya Sutskever 整理的一个用于识别普适物体的小型数据集。CIFAR-10数据集包含60000幅32x32的彩色图像,分为10个类,每类6000幅图像。训练图像50000张,测试图像10000张。
相比MINIST:
- CIFAR-10 是 3 通道的彩色 RGB 图像,而 MNIST 是灰度图像
- CIFAR-10 图像尺寸是32x32,MINST图像尺寸为28x28
- CIFAR-10是客观世界存在的物体,物体大小、特征不同,这给模型识别带来很大困难。使用传统机器学习模型效果不尽人意。
In [2]:
train_ds = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10('data',
train=True, # train=True表示训练集,train=False表示测试集
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor
download=True)
test_ds = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10('data',
train=False,
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(), # 将数据类型转化为Tensor
download=True)
In [3]:
batch_size = 32
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_ds,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_ds,
batch_size=batch_size)
In [4]:
# 取一个批次查看数据格式
# 数据的shape为:[batch_size, channel, height, weight]
# 其中batch_size为自己设定,channel,height和weight分别是图片的通道数,高度和宽度。
imgs, labels = next(iter(train_dl))
imgs.shape
Out[4]:
3、数据可视化¶
squeeze()函数的功能是从矩阵shape中,去掉维度为1的。例如一个矩阵是的shape是(5, 1),使用过这个函数后,结果为(5, )。
In [5]:
import numpy as np
# 指定图片大小,图像大小为20宽、5高的绘图(单位为英寸inch)
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5))
images_and_labels = list(zip(imgs, labels))
for i, (imgs, label) in enumerate(images_and_labels[:20]): # 取一个批次中的前20张
# 维度变换
npimg = imgs.numpy().transpose((1, 2, 0))
# 将整个figure分成2行10列,绘制第i+1个子图。
plt.subplot(2, 10, i+1)
plt.title('Training: ' + str(label.item()))
plt.imshow(npimg) # numpy格式才可以用matplotlib
plt.axis('off')
二、构建简单的CNN网络¶
对于一般的CNN网络来说,都是由特征提取网络和分类网络构成,其中特征提取网络用于提取图片的特征,分类网络用于将图片进行分类
In [6]:
import torch.nn.functional as F
num_classes = 10 # 图片的类别数
class Model(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
# 特征提取网络
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3) # 第一层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2) # 设置池化层,池化核大小为2*2
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=3) # 第二层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3
self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)
self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3) # 第二层卷积,卷积核大小为3*3
self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)
# 分类网络
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(512, 256)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(256, num_classes)
# 前向传播
def forward(self, x):
x = self.pool1(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.pool2(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
x = self.pool3(F.relu(self.conv3(x)))
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = self.fc2(x)
return x
加载并打印模型
In [8]:
from torchinfo import summary
# 将模型转移到GPU中(我们模型运行均在GPU中进行)
model = Model().to(device)
summary(model)
Out[8]:
In [10]:
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-2 # 学习率
opt = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)
2、编写训练函数¶
In [11]:
# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小,一共60000张图片
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目,1875(60000/32)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率
for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
# 计算预测误差
pred = model(X) # 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距,targets为真实值,计算二者差值即为损失
# 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零
loss.backward() # 反向传播
optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新
# 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
3、编写测试函数¶
In [12]:
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 测试集的大小,一共10000张图片
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目,313(10000/32=312.5,向上取整)
test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
# 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
# 计算loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss
4、正式训练¶
In [13]:
epochs = 10
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%,Test_loss:{:.3f}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')
5、可视化¶
In [14]:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()