JAVA【设计模式】原型模式
一、定义
原型模式是用于创建复杂的对象
,保证了性能,同时能复制出对象私有
的属性,它提供了一种创建对象的绝佳方式(clone
)
二、示例:
模拟场景:
例如:1、细胞的分裂过程,有丝分裂会产生一对完全相同的细胞。 原始细胞就是一个原型, 它在复制体的生成过程中起到了推动作用。
例如:2、每个⼈都经历过考试,从纸制版到上机答题,⼤⼤⼩⼩也有⼏百场。⽽以前坐在教室⾥答题身边的⼈都是⼀套试卷
,考试的时候还能偷摸或者别⼈给发信息抄⼀抄答案。
但从⼀部分可以上机考试的内容开始,在保证⼤家的公平性⼀样的题⽬下,开始出现试题混排
更有做的好的答案选项也混排
。这样⼤⼤的增加了抄的成本,也更好的做到了考试的公平性。
传统编码方式
代码会变的非常的冗长,可扩展差
package com.qf.design.create.prototype.tradition;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.entity.AnswerQuestion;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.entity.ChoiceQuestion;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class QuestionBankController {
public String createPaper(String candidate, String number) {
List<ChoiceQuestion> choiceQuestionList = new ArrayList<ChoiceQuestion>();
List<AnswerQuestion> answerQuestionList = new ArrayList<AnswerQuestion>();
Map<String, String> map01 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map01.put("A", "JAVA2 EE");
map01.put("B", "JAVA2 Card");
map01.put("C", "JAVA2 ME");
map01.put("D", "JAVA2 HE");
map01.put("E", "JAVA2 SE");
Map<String, String> map02 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map02.put("A", "JAVA程序的main方法必须写在类里面");
map02.put("B", "JAVA程序中可以有多个main方法");
map02.put("C", "JAVA程序中类名必须与文件名一样");
map02.put("D", "JAVA程序的main方法中如果只有一条语句,可以不用{}(大括号)括起来");
Map<String, String> map03 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map03.put("A", "变量由字母、下划线、数字、$符号随意组成;");
map03.put("B", "变量不能以数字作为开头;");
map03.put("C", "A和a在java中是同一个变量;");
map03.put("D", "不同类型的变量,可以起相同的名字;");
Map<String, String> map04 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map04.put("A", "STRING");
map04.put("B", "x3x;");
map04.put("C", "void");
map04.put("D", "de$f");
Map<String, String> map05 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map05.put("A", "31");
map05.put("B", "0");
map05.put("C", "1");
map05.put("D", "2");
choiceQuestionList.add(new ChoiceQuestion("JAVA所定义的版本中不包括", map01, "D"));
choiceQuestionList.add(new ChoiceQuestion("下列说法正确的是", map02, "A"));
choiceQuestionList.add(new ChoiceQuestion("变量命名规范说法正确的是", map03, "B"));
choiceQuestionList.add(new ChoiceQuestion("以下()不是合法的标识符", map04, "C"));
choiceQuestionList.add(new ChoiceQuestion("表达式(11+3*8)/4%3的值是", map05, "D"));
answerQuestionList.add(new AnswerQuestion("小红马和小黑马生的小马几条腿", "4条腿"));
answerQuestionList.add(new AnswerQuestion("铁棒打头疼还是木棒打头疼", "头最疼"));
answerQuestionList.add(new AnswerQuestion("什么床不能睡觉", "牙床"));
answerQuestionList.add(new AnswerQuestion("为什么好马不吃回头草", "后面的草没了"));
// 输出结果
StringBuilder detail = new StringBuilder("考生:" + candidate + "\r\n" +
"考号:" + number + "\r\n" +
"--------------------------------------------\r\n" +
"一、选择题" + "\r\n\n");
for (int idx = 0; idx < choiceQuestionList.size(); idx++) {
detail.append("第").append(idx + 1).append("题:").append(choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getName()).append("\r\n");
Map<String, String> option = choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getOption();
for (String key : option.keySet()) {
detail.append(key).append(":").append(option.get(key)).append("\r\n");
;
}
detail.append("答案:").append(choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getKey()).append("\r\n\n");
}
detail.append("二、问答题" + "\r\n\n");
for (int idx = 0; idx < answerQuestionList.size(); idx++) {
detail.append("第").append(idx + 1).append("题:").append(answerQuestionList.get(idx).getName()).append("\r\n");
detail.append("答案:").append(answerQuestionList.get(idx).getKey()).append("\r\n\n");
}
return detail.toString();
}
}
原型模式(clone)
package com.qf.design.create.prototype.design;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.entity.AnswerQuestion;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.entity.ChoiceQuestion;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class QuestionBankController {
private QuestionBank questionBank=new QuestionBank();
public QuestionBankController(){
Map<String, String> map01 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map01.put("A", "JAVA2 EE");
map01.put("B", "JAVA2 Card");
map01.put("C", "JAVA2 ME");
map01.put("D", "JAVA2 HE");
map01.put("E", "JAVA2 SE");
Map<String, String> map02 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map02.put("A", "JAVA程序的main方法必须写在类里面");
map02.put("B", "JAVA程序中可以有多个main方法");
map02.put("C", "JAVA程序中类名必须与文件名一样");
map02.put("D", "JAVA程序的main方法中如果只有一条语句,可以不用{}(大括号)括起来");
Map<String, String> map03 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map03.put("A", "变量由字母、下划线、数字、$符号随意组成;");
map03.put("B", "变量不能以数字作为开头;");
map03.put("C", "A和a在java中是同一个变量;");
map03.put("D", "不同类型的变量,可以起相同的名字;");
Map<String, String> map04 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map04.put("A", "STRING");
map04.put("B", "x3x;");
map04.put("C", "void");
map04.put("D", "de$f");
Map<String, String> map05 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map05.put("A", "31");
map05.put("B", "0");
map05.put("C", "1");
map05.put("D", "2");
questionBank.append(new ChoiceQuestion("JAVA所定义的版本中不包括", map01, "D"));
questionBank.append(new ChoiceQuestion("下列说法正确的是", map02, "A"));
questionBank.append(new ChoiceQuestion("变量命名规范说法正确的是", map03, "B"));
questionBank.append(new ChoiceQuestion("以下()不是合法的标识符", map04, "C"));
questionBank.append(new ChoiceQuestion("表达式(11+3*8)/4%3的值是", map05, "D"));
questionBank.append(new AnswerQuestion("小红马和小黑马生的小马几条腿", "4条腿"));
questionBank.append(new AnswerQuestion("铁棒打头疼还是木棒打头疼", "头最疼"));
questionBank.append(new AnswerQuestion("什么床不能睡觉", "牙床"));
questionBank.append(new AnswerQuestion("为什么好马不吃回头草", "后面的草没了"));
}
public String createPaper(String candidate, String number) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
QuestionBank clone = (QuestionBank) questionBank.clone();
clone.setCandidate(candidate);
clone.setNumber(number);
String toString = clone.toString();
return toString;
}
}
实现了clone方法,复制对象里面的所有内容。然后重新定义规则:QuestionBank
package com.qf.design.create.prototype.design;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.design.util.Topic;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.design.util.TopicRandomUtil;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.entity.AnswerQuestion;
import com.qf.design.create.prototype.entity.ChoiceQuestion;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class QuestionBank implements Cloneable{
private List<ChoiceQuestion> choiceQuestionList = new ArrayList<ChoiceQuestion>();
private List<AnswerQuestion> answerQuestionList = new ArrayList<AnswerQuestion>();
private String candidate;
private String number;
public void append(ChoiceQuestion choiceQuestion){
choiceQuestionList.add(choiceQuestion);
}
public void append(AnswerQuestion answerQuestion){
answerQuestionList.add(answerQuestion);
}
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
QuestionBank questionBank= (QuestionBank) super.clone();
questionBank.choiceQuestionList = this.choiceQuestionList;
questionBank.answerQuestionList = this.answerQuestionList;
//题目乱序
Collections.shuffle(choiceQuestionList);
Collections.shuffle(answerQuestionList);
//答案乱序
List<ChoiceQuestion> choiceQuestionList=questionBank.choiceQuestionList;
for (ChoiceQuestion choiceQuestion : choiceQuestionList) {
Topic random = TopicRandomUtil.random(choiceQuestion.getOption(), choiceQuestion.getKey());
choiceQuestion.setKey(random.getKey());
choiceQuestion.setOption(random.getOption());
}
return questionBank;
}
public void setCandidate(String candidate){
this.candidate=candidate;
}
public void setNumber(String number){
this.number=number;
}
public String toString(){
// 输出结果
StringBuilder detail = new StringBuilder("考生:" + candidate + "\r\n" +
"考号:" + number + "\r\n" +
"--------------------------------------------\r\n" +
"一、选择题" + "\r\n\n");
for (int idx = 0; idx < choiceQuestionList.size(); idx++) {
detail.append("第").append(idx + 1).append("题:").append(choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getName()).append("\r\n");
Map<String, String> option = choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getOption();
for (String key : option.keySet()) {
detail.append(key).append(":").append(option.get(key)).append("\r\n");
;
}
detail.append("答案:").append(choiceQuestionList.get(idx).getKey()).append("\r\n\n");
}
detail.append("二、问答题" + "\r\n\n");
for (int idx = 0; idx < answerQuestionList.size(); idx++) {
detail.append("第").append(idx + 1).append("题:").append(answerQuestionList.get(idx).getName()).append("\r\n");
detail.append("答案:").append(answerQuestionList.get(idx).getKey()).append("\r\n\n");
}
return detail.toString();
}
}
总结:
以上的实际场景模拟了原型模式在开发中᯿构的作⽤,但是原型模式的使⽤频率确实不是很⾼
。如
果有⼀些特殊场景需要使⽤到,也可以按照此设计模式进⾏优化。
另外原型设计模式的优点包括;便于通过克隆⽅式创建复杂对象
、也可以避免重复做初始化
操作、
不需要与类中所属的其他类耦合等。但也有⼀些缺点如果对象中包括了循环引⽤的克隆,以及类中
深度使⽤对象的克隆,都会使此模式变得异常麻烦