nginx|openresty配置lua脚本自动封ip
本文不进行介绍怎么安装lua环境、openresty预安装有lua脚本运行环境、nginx需要自行编译;
本文会把黑名单ip定义在文件中,程序运行时定时覆盖内容到内存中,提升运行速度
1、nginx.conf配置加载lua
#WAF
lua_shared_dict blist 50m;
init_worker_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/lua/init.lua";
access_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/lua/blacklist.lua";
lua_shared_dict blist 作用:创建一个共享内存字典,命名为 blist(存储黑名单ip信息)
init_worker_by_lua_file 作用:初始化全局变量或其他 Lua 模块
access_by_lua_file 作用:在 access 阶段(请求访问控制阶段)运行指定的 Lua 脚本
获取访问进来的ip地址(兼容ipv4和ipv6)
map $http_x_forwarded_for $realip
{
"" $remote_addr;
##兼容ipv4及ipv6,兼容特殊格式ipv6
"~*(?P<firstAddr>([0-9a-f]{0,4}:){1,7}[0-9a-f]{1,4}|([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3})" $firstAddr;
}
把获取到的ip定义变量为$realip,后续脚本会调用
2、配置init.lua和blacklist.lua脚本
init.lua
local function load_blacklist_to_shared_memory()
local file, err = io.open("/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/rule-config/iplist.txt", "r")
if not file then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "failed to open blacklist file: ", err)
return
end
-- 检查文件是否为空
local is_empty = true
for _ in file:lines() do
is_empty = false
break
end
if is_empty then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "blacklist file is empty")
file:close()
return
end
-- 文件非空时重新打开文件并加载数据
file:seek("set", 0)
local dict = ngx.shared.blist
dict:flush_all() -- 清空共享内存,重新加载
for line in file:lines() do
dict:set(line, true)
end
file:close()
end
local function refresh_blacklist(premature)
if premature then
return
end
load_blacklist_to_shared_memory()
ngx.log(ngx.INFO, "Blacklist reloaded successfully.")
-- 重新设置定时器
local ok, err = ngx.timer.at(5, refresh_blacklist)
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Failed to create timer: ", err)
end
end
-- 初始化时加载黑名单
load_blacklist_to_shared_memory()
-- 设置定时器
local ok, err = ngx.timer.at(5, refresh_blacklist)
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Failed to create timer: ", err)
end
定时器是5秒钟重新到黑名单文件读取ip写到内存中
blacklist.lua
-- 加载黑名单数据到共享内存
local function load_blacklist_to_shared_memory()
local file, err = io.open("/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/rule-config/iplist.txt", "r")
if not file then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "failed to open blacklist file: ", err)
return false
end
-- 检查文件是否为空
local is_empty = true
for _ in file:lines() do
is_empty = false
break
end
if is_empty then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "blacklist file is empty")
file:close()
return false
end
-- 文件非空时重新打开文件并加载数据
file:seek("set", 0)
local dict = ngx.shared.blist
dict:flush_all() -- 清空共享内存,重新加载
for line in file:lines() do
dict:set(line, true)
end
file:close()
return true
end
-- 检查 IP 是否在黑名单中
local function check_blacklist(ip)
local dict = ngx.shared.blist
return dict:get(ip)
end
-- 获取客户端 IP
local function get_client_ip()
return ngx.var.realip or "unknown"
end
-- 主逻辑
-- local blacklist_loaded = load_blacklist_to_shared_memory()
local client_ip = get_client_ip()
if check_blacklist(client_ip) then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "IP " .. client_ip .. " is blacklisted")
ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN)
end
-- 根据请求路径分发处理逻辑
local uri = ngx.var.uri
if uri == "/reload-blacklist" then
-- 添加 IP 条件判断
local allowed_ip_prefix = "172.31"
local client_ip_prefix = string.sub(client_ip, 1, #allowed_ip_prefix)
if client_ip_prefix ~= allowed_ip_prefix then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Access forbidden for IP: " .. client_ip)
ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN)
end
-- 重新加载黑名单到共享内存
local reloaded = load_blacklist_to_shared_memory()
if reloaded then
ngx.say("Blacklist reloaded successfully.")
else
ngx.say("Blacklist file not found or is empty. No changes made.")
end
end
可以自定义访问reload-blacklist路径的url就进行刷新黑名单ip,allowed_ip_prefix对访问进来的ip进行白名单限制
最后定义iplist.txt就可以了,每个ip为一行,init.lua和blacklist.lua中用io.open定义iplist.txt的路径
iplist.txt
1.2.3.4
1a:d8:eb:42:91:f8
进行reload程序就可以使用了,在这个自动化的基础上,配合日志系统,根据自定义规则就可以自动化的屏蔽异常ip;
异常ip输出到error日志中
博主使用过loki日志系统和elk日志系统,都可以根据一定时间内ip次数到达多少就自动屏蔽ip;运维从此不再半夜起床排查异常ip;
后续更新这篇博客,加入跳转链接,敬请期待;