vmware的centos扩容
完全参考vmware centos扩容
前提：vmware上安装的centos开始只给了30G容量，现在要扩容到40G
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在vmware上扩展分配的磁盘空间
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启动虚拟机，使用root用户执行以下操作
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执行 df -h
[root@localhost docker]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 910M 9.5M 901M 2% /run
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 27G 17G 9.6G 65% / # 需要扩容的根分区(/)
/dev/sda1 1014M 150M 865M 15% /boot
tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/1000
可以看到根分区27G，使用了17G，可使用9.6G，需要扩容的就是这个分区
- 执行 fdisk -l
[root@localhost docker]# fdisk -l
# 磁盘(/dev/sda)总空间 /dev/sda 42.9G
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b2961
# 总磁盘又分了三个区 /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sda3
# 新添加一个分区 /dev/sda4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 8e Linux LVM
# 根分区，现在空间是28.4G，扩展的分区就是这个
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 28.4 GB, 28449964032 bytes, 55566336 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
# 交换分区
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- 执行 fdisk /dev/sda，运行分区程序
[root@localhost docker]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n # 创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): p # 选择 primary
# 分配扇区，一直按enter选择默认即可
Selected partition 4
First sector (62914560-83886079, default 62914560):
Using default value 62914560
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62914560-83886079, default 83886079):
Using default value 83886079
Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
# print 显示分区表
Command (m for help): print
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b2961
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 62914560 83886079 10485760 83 Linux # 新增的/dev/sda4显示出来了，但注意最后一列的 System是 Linux，Id是83
# 修改 system Id
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4, default 4):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
# Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): print
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b2961
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 62914560 83886079 10485760 8e Linux LVM # 此时已经变过来
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost docker]# partprobe # 通知系统分区表的变化:
如果不是扩容，而是添加新磁盘，执行以下步骤
6. 格式化磁盘
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
- 挂载目录
mount /dev/sdb1 /data
- 永久挂载
# 获取磁盘id
$ blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="ef578891-bed3-4495-bde9-2f19eac2d91d" TYPE="ext4"
vim /etc/fstab
# 打开后，在最后一行加入以下代码：
/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 1
# ef578891-bed3-4495-bde9-2f19eac2d91d /data ext4 defaults 0 1
如果是扩容，而是不是添加新磁盘，执行以下步骤
6. 按顺序执行一下步骤
[root@localhost docker]# pvcreate /dev/sda4 # 将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷,以便LVM使用:
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
[root@localhost docker]# pvdisplay # 显示物理卷
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID iVGBdN-Ex37-Sr63-RDyp-YOht-nmlx-jHBKoR
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 127
Allocated PE 2432
PV UUID PNayEO-HG4z-ency-1tqP-rSS8-OOJk-fKyswF
# 新增物理卷/dev/sda4, 但没有VG name
"/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID JeWnV9-FqjU-7HPf-d1WH-ULzZ-513C-DBKXZr
# 将初始化过的分区加入到虚拟卷组centos:
# 如果 /dev/sda4的 system I不是8e，则这一步执行失败
[root@localhost docker]# vgextend centos /dev/sda4 # 将/dev/sda4添加到卷组centos
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@localhost docker]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4863
PV UUID iVGBdN-Ex37-Sr63-RDyp-YOht-nmlx-jHBKoR
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 127
Allocated PE 2432
PV UUID PNayEO-HG4z-ency-1tqP-rSS8-OOJk-fKyswF
# 已添加到卷组
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name centos
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 2559
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID JeWnV9-FqjU-7HPf-d1WH-ULzZ-513C-DBKXZr
- 扩容
[root@localhost docker]# lvresize -L +10G /dev/mapper/centos-root # 扩展逻辑卷 lv resize
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <26.50 GiB (6783 extents) to <36.50 GiB (9343 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@localhost docker]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root # 就理解为格式化操作
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=7, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=6945792, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 6945792 to 9567232
- df -h
[root@localhost docker]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 910M 9.5M 901M 2% /run
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 37G 17G 20G 47% / # 可以看到，已经扩容了
/dev/sda1 1014M 150M 865M 15% /boot
tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0
