基于systemback的Ubuntu系统镜像备份和安装方案

问题描述（Problem Statement）

Ubuntu系统安装后，往往我们会花很长时间去配置各种开发环境，这个过程是复杂的，一台机器安装完成之后，如何快速在其他机器上拷贝安装，是一个重要问题。这里给出一个基于systemback的Ubuntu备份安装方案。

解决方案(Solution)

1. Install Systemback on Ubuntu 18.04, 19.10 and 20.04

Ubuntu 16.04 users can install Systemback from PPA by running the following commands in terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nemh/systemback

sudo apt update

sudo apt install systemback

The author of Systemback stopped its development in 2016, so Ubuntu 18.04, 19.10 and 20.04 are not in the supported list. If you run the above command on Ubuntu 18.04, you will see the following error,

E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemh/systemback/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file.

E: Unable to locate package systemback

To install systemback on Ubuntu 18.04/19.10, first remove the PPA.

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:nemh/systemback

The Systemback binary for Ubuntu 16.04 is compatible with Ubuntu 18.04/19.10/20.04, so we can add the Ubuntu 16.04 PPA on 18.04/19.10. Run the following command to import the GPG signing key of this PPA so that the package manager can verify signature. The signing key can be found on launchpad.net.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 382003C2C8B7B4AB813E915B14E4942973C62A1B

If you see the following error:

gpg: keyserver receive failed: no keyserver available

gpg: keyserver receive failed: No data

You can fix this error by using a different keyserver. So instead of keyserver.ubuntu.com you can use pgp.mit.edu.

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 382003C2C8B7B4AB813E915B14E4942973C62A1B

Then add the PPA on Ubuntu 18.04/19.10/20.04.

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nemh/systemback/ubuntu xenial main"

Update package list and install Systemback.

sudo apt update

sudo apt install systemback

注意：如果你遇到一下错误（不能访问cn.archive.ubuntu.com导致无法完成下载），那么需要更换访问源的网址

解决方案：终端输入

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

将打开的文件中所有的http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com更换为镜像的网址即可（我这边用的阿里云 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/）　　

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Then you can start Systemback from your application menu. You need to enter your password to use this software. After you enter the password, click OK button.

2. How to Create a Bootable ISO Image From Your Current System

As you can see, you can create restore points of your system, restore to a point, copy the system to another partition, install the system to a new partition, create live system (bootable ISO image), repair the system and upgrade software on the system.

Systemback can create a customized ISO image file from your current system. Every program and file can be included in the ISO.

Click the Live System Create button, then give a name to your ISO file. You have the option to include the user data files. Click the Create New button to create live system.

After the live system is created, you can convert the sblive file to ISO file. Note that if the sblive file is too big, you can’t convert it to ISO file. The sblive and ISO file are stored under your home directory by default, but they are not visible.

You can also insert your pen drive to your computer and write the sblive file to pen drive. (Click the reload button to detect USB drives.)