Linux服务器Oracle11G安装详细教程（附Oracle11g安装程序）

首先我们使用工具连接到Linux服务器，配置可视化图形界面

--安装图形输出依赖包
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y libXft
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y libXtst
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y xorg-x11-xauth
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y kde-l10n-Chinese
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y liberation-fonts-common
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y cjkuni-uming-fonts
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y xhost
[root@yanshi ~]# yum install -y xorg-x11-apps

--配置输出图形的地址为本机（操作服务器的电脑）的IP地址
[root@yanshi ~]# export DISPLAY=172.20.10.2:0.0
[root@yanshi ~]# echo $DISPLAY
172.20.10.2:0.0
[root@yanshi ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[root@yanshi ~]# xclock
Warning: Missing charsets in String to FontSet conversion

能够输出时钟则配置成功

我们开始检查依赖包是否安装

--安装依赖包（下面代码是一个整体）
yum -y install binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

--检查依赖包安装情况（下面代码是一个整体）
rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

--下面是输出结果；发现我们有2个包没有安装
binutils-2.27-34.base.el7.x86_64
未安装软件包 compat-libstdc++-33 
elfutils-libelf-0.172-2.el7.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.172-2.el7.x86_64
expat-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64
gcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
glibc-common-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.17-260.el7.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64
未安装软件包 pdksh 
sysstat-10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64

下载我们没有的依赖包，然后传到服务器上，其他依赖包请自行百度下载（楼主缺少的2个依赖包compat-libstdc++-33与pdksh）

--安装我们传到服务器的这2个依赖包
[root@yanshi Oracle_11G]# ll
总用量 118488
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    195388 5月   1 15:55 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root    210877 5月   1 15:55 pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

[root@yanshi Oracle_11G]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7 ################################# [100%]

[root@yanshi Oracle_11G]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm 
警告：pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID e8562897: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1          ################################# [100%]

如果要安装Oracle数据库，则需要以下本地操作系统组和用户：

Oracle inventory组(通常为 oinstall)

OSDBA组 (通常为 dba)

Oracle软件所有者(通常为 oracle)

[root@yanshi data]$# groupadd oinstall
[root@yanshi data]$# groupadd dba
[root@yanshi data]$# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

--查看oracle用户是否创建成功
[root@yanshi data]$# id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) 组=1000(oinstall),1001(dba)

--给oracle用户创建密码
[root@yanshi data]$# passwd oracle
更改用户 oracle 的密码 。
新的 密码：
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新

[root@yanshi ~]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@yanshi ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata
[root@yanshi ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle/oraInventory
[root@yanshi ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area
[root@yanshi ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
[root@yanshi ~]# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

将oracle用户加入到sudo群组中

[root@yanshi ~]# vi /etc/sudoers
--输入上面的命令后，打开sudoers文件进行编辑
--找到root ALL=(ALL) ALL这行，并且在底下再加入以下命令：
oracle ALL=(ALL) ALL

修改内核参数

--关闭selinux
[root@yanshi ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
修改：SELINUX=disabled

--关闭防火墙
#停止服务|firewall
[root@yanshi ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
#禁止firewall开机启动
[root@yanshi ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

--修改/etc/hosts文件
[root@yanshi ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
--在最后加入本机IP与主机名
192.168.31.128 yanshi

--修改内核参数
[root@yanshi ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
--添加以下内容
kernel.shmall = 2097152
## kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

--使修改立即生效
[root@yanshi ~]# sysctl -p

限制oracle用户的shell权限

[root@yanshi ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

修改用户验证选项

[root@yanshi data]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth       substack     system-auth
auth       include      postlogin
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      system-auth
password   include      system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
session    optional     pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open
session    required     pam_namespace.so
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      system-auth
session    include      postlogin
-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so
## 增加下面的内容
session    required     /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session    required     pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile文件

[root@yanshi data]# vi /etc/profile
--增加update中间的内容
pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
        UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

## update(这里是增加的内容)
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
   ulimit -p 16384
   ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi
## update（这里是增加的内容）

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi

--使配置立即生效
[root@yanshi data]# source /etc/profile

准备工作已经做完了，下面开始正式安装oracle（Oracle安装包）

--把我们上传的Oracle11G安装包进行解压
[root@yanshi data]$# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@yanshi data]$# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

--对安装包文件夹授权
[root@yanshi data]$# chown -R oracle.oinstall database/ 

--配置环境变量
--切换到oracle用户
[root@yanshi data]# su - oracle
[oracle@yanshi ~]$ vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
--在最后增加两行配置
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

--使设置生效
[oracle@yanshi ~]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

开始安装oracle

--切换到oracle用户
[root@yanshi data]# su - oracle
上一次登录：一 5月  4 16:08:46 CST 2020pts/0 上

[oracle@yanshi data]$ cd /data/database/

--用oracle用户再次配置图形
[root@yanshi ~]# export DISPLAY=172.20.10.2:0.0
[root@yanshi ~]# echo $DISPLAY
172.20.10.2:0.0
[root@yanshi ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[root@yanshi ~]# xclock
Warning: Missing charsets in String to FontSet conversion

--linux安装Oracle安装界面乱码解决方法
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
export LC_ALL=C

[oracle@yanshi database]$ ./runInstaller
正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer...

检查临时空间: 必须大于 120 MB。   实际为 9297 MB    通过
检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。   实际为 2047 MB    通过
检查监视器: 监视器配置至少必须显示 256 种颜色。    实际为 16777216    通过
准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2020-05-04_06-31-46PM. 请稍候...

--接下来我们的图形就出来了

取消勾选【I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support】

选择【Skip software updates】

选择第一个，创建数据库

选择第一个，创建桌面类数据库

创建全局数据库名称：我这里用的orcl，输入密码：Ab123456（密码不合规下面会报错）

继续下一步，修改路径为我们创建的路径

等待进度条完成

完事后有2个警告

第一个：创建虚拟机时的Swap空间分小了（自己用不影响）

第二个：oracle的可用内存不够（自己用不影响）

勾选忽略全部，继续进行下一步

点击安装

等待进度条完成

我这里报了一个错：Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile

--进入到/dbhome_1/sysman/lib目录下
[oracle@yanshi database]$ cd /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib

--备份ins_emagent.mk文件
[oracle@yanshi lib]$ cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak

--编辑文件ins_emagent.mk
[oracle@yanshi lib]$ vi ins_emagent.mk
--进入vi编辑器后  命令模式输入/NMECTL 进行查找，快速定位要修改的行
在后面追加参数-lnnz11        第一个是字母l   后面两个是数字1
保存退出后Retry

修改完成后回到刚才的界面点击重试

等待弹出下面的弹窗（还是说我们内存不足），点击第一个按钮【lgnore】进行忽略

等待创建完成

创建完成后我们可以在密码管理中修改用户密码

密码修改后点击OK

等待都完成后复制下面语句用root执行

[root@yanshi data]# /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /data/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /opt/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@yanshi data]# /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: /usr/local/bin
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

等待全部完成后点击close

--查看监听
[oracle@yanshi ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 19-MAY-2020 19:19:22

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                19-MAY-2020 18:55:36
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 23 min. 46 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/yanshi/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

--配置监听
--编辑listener.ora文件
[oracle@yanshi oracle]$ vim /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
--把里面内容修改为：
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME=orcl)
    )
  )
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))
ADR_BASE_LISTENER =/opt/oracle

--修改tnsnames.ora
[oracle@yanshi oracle]$ vim /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
--把内容修改为
LISTENER_ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID=orcl)
    )
  )

--启动监听
[oracle@yanshi oracle]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 19-MAY-2020 19:54:55

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/yanshi/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                19-MAY-2020 19:54:55
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/yanshi/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.31.128)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

从数据库工具连接数据库进行测试即可

posted @ 2022-09-09 09:56 洋芋不是土豆阅读(10121) 评论(4) 编辑收藏举报

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Linux服务器Oracle11G安装详细教程（附Oracle11g安装程序）

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