RabbitMQ——CLI 管理工具 rabbitmqadmin

 

前言

一般情况下,我们会使用 rabbitmq_management 插件,通过 Web UI 的方式来监控和操作 RabbitMQ(端口 15672),但有时候命令的方式会更加方便一些,

RabbitMQ 提供了 CLI 管理工具 rabbitmqadmin ,其实就是基于 RabbitMQ 的 HTTP API,用 Python 写的一个脚本。

rabbitmqadmin 提供了下面功能:

  • 列出 exchanges, queues, bindings, vhosts, users, permissions, connections and channels。
  • 创建和删除 exchanges, queues, bindings, vhosts, users and permissions。
  • 发布和获取消息,以及消息详情。
  • 关闭连接和清空队列。
  • 导入导出配置。

 

安装rabbitmqadmin

如果我们安装了rabbitmq_management插件,可以打开http://node1:15672/cli/页面,下载 rabbitmqadmin。

或者直接进行下载:

wget http://node1:15672/cli/rabbitmqadmin

然后移到PATH目录,并赋予权限:

mv rabbitmqadmin /usr/local/bin
sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/bin/rabbitmqadmin

查看 rabbitmqadmin 命令:

[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin -help
Usage
=====
  rabbitmqadmin [options] subcommand
...

如果出现以下提示:

[root@zk-mq-1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin -help
/usr/bin/env: python3: No such file or directory

则需要安装相应版本的python:

yum install python3

 

使用rabbitmqadmin

  • 创建一个test队列:
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare queue name=test durable=true
queue declared
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+------+----------+
| name | messages |
+------+----------+
| test | 0        |
+------+----------+

需要注意:durable=true表示持久化,如果没有创建 Exchange,RabbitMQ 会使用默认的 Exchange,以及创建一个 Binding,这也就是为什么下面发布消息,可以成功的原因。

  • 发布一条消息:
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=test payload="hello world"
Message published
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+------+----------+
| name | messages |
+------+----------+
| test | 1        |
+------+----------+
  • 消费一条消息(查看消息内容):
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin get queue=test requeue=true
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| routing_key | exchange | message_count |   payload   | payload_bytes | payload_encoding | properties | redelivered |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| test        |          | 0             | hello world | 11            | string           |            | False       |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+------+----------+
| name | messages |
+------+----------+
| test | 1        |
+------+----------+
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin get queue=test requeue=false
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| routing_key | exchange | message_count |   payload   | payload_bytes | payload_encoding | properties | redelivered |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| test        |          | 0             | hello world | 11            | string           |            | True        |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+------+----------+
| name | messages |
+------+----------+
| test | 0        |
+------+----------+

需要注意:requeue=true表示查看队列,不消费;requeue=false表示查看队列,进行消费。

  • 我们查看下上面创建队列后,默认创建的 Binding:
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list bindings
+--------+-------------+-------------+
| source | destination | routing_key |
+--------+-------------+-------------+
|        | test        | test        |
+--------+-------------+-------------+

可以看到,使用的默认 Exchange 是空字符串(系统中的第一个 Exchange,Binding 中的 source 部分),

并且这个默认的 Exchange 是direct类型(也就是一对一模式),这种隐式调用确保了消息准确投递。

另外,再说一下 Binding 中的三个概念:

Source:源头的意思,其实就是 Exchange。

destination:目的地的意思,其实就是 Queue。

routing_key:路由键的规则,用于 Queue 匹配(比如test.#)。

  • 创建一个 Exchange:
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=my.topic type=topic
exchange declared
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list exchanges
+--------------------+---------+
|        name        |  type   |
+--------------------+---------+
|                    | direct  |
| amq.direct         | direct  |
| amq.fanout         | fanout  |
| amq.headers        | headers |
| amq.match          | headers |
| amq.rabbitmq.log   | topic   |
| amq.rabbitmq.trace | topic   |
| amq.topic          | topic   |
| my.topic           | topic   |
+--------------------+---------+

需要注意:这边我们只创建了一个 Exchange,类型为 Topic,和之前创建的test队列,目前没有任何关系。

  • 然后再创建一个 Binding:
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare binding source=my.topic destination=test routing_key=my.#
binding declared
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list bindings
+----------+-------------+-------------+
|  source  | destination | routing_key |
+----------+-------------+-------------+
|          | test        | test        |
| my.topic | test        | my.#        |
+----------+-------------+-------------+

需要注意:我们上面创建的 Binding(最后那个),就是将名称为my.topic的 Exchange 和名称为test的 Queue 关联起来,并且设置的routing_key规则为my.#

  • 下面我们发布两条消息:
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=my.test exchange=my.topic  payload="hello world by my.test"
Message published
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=my.test.test exchange=my.topic  payload="hello world by my.test.test"
Message published
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+------+----------+
| name | messages |
+------+----------+
| test | 2        |
+------+----------+

需要注意,发布的两条消息都指定了my.topic的 Exchange,但消息的routing_key不同,但都成功发布到test队列了,原因是my.testmy.test.test都符合my.#路由规则。

  • 下面,我们对两条消息进行消费:
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin get queue=test requeue=false
+-------------+----------+---------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| routing_key | exchange | message_count |        payload         | payload_bytes | payload_encoding | properties | redelivered |
+-------------+----------+---------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| my.test     | my.topic | 1             | hello world by my.test | 22            | string           |            | False       |
+-------------+----------+---------------+------------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin get queue=test requeue=false
+--------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| routing_key  | exchange | message_count |           payload           | payload_bytes | payload_encoding | properties | redelivered |
+--------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| my.test.test | my.topic | 0             | hello world by my.test.test | 27            | string           |            | False       |
+--------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
[root@node1 ~]# rabbitmqadmin list queues
+------+----------+
| name | messages |
+------+----------+
| test | 0        |
+------+----------+

 

rabbitmqadmin 命令汇总

命令解释
rabbitmqadmin list users 查看所有用户 User
rabbitmqadmin list users name 查看所有用户名 Username
rabbitmqadmin list users tags 查看所有用户角色
rabbitmqadmin list vhosts 查看所有虚拟主机
rabbitmqadmin list connections 查看所有连接
rabbitmqadmin list exchanges 查看所有路由 Exchange
rabbitmqadmin list bindings 查看所有路由与队列的关系绑定 Binding
rabbitmqadmin list permissions 查看所有角色的权限 Permission
rabbitmqadmin list channels 查看所有通道 Channel
rabbitmqadmin list consumers 查看所有消费者 Consumer
rabbitmqadmin list queues 查看所有消息队列 Queue
rabbitmqadmin list nodes 查看所有节点 Node
rabbitmqadmin show overview 概览 Overview
rabbitmqadmin list bindings source destination_type destination properties_key 查看所有路由与队列的关系绑定的详细信息 Binding
rabbitmqadmin declare queue name=test durable=true 定义一个队列queue,durable=true代表持久化打开。
rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=my.fanout type=fanout 定义一个Fanout路由
rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=my.direct type=direct 定义一个Direct路由
rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=my.topic type=topic 定义一个Topic路由
rabbitmqadmin declare binding source=my.fanout destination=test routing_key=first 定义 binding
rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=test payload="hello world" 发布一条消息
rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=my.test exchange=my.topic payload="hello world" 使用路由转发消息
rabbitmqadmin get queue=test requeue=true 查看消息,不消费
rabbitmqadmin get queue=test requeue=false 查看消息,并消费
rabbitmqadmin purge queue name=test 删除队列中的所有消息
rabbitmqadmin delete queue name=hello 删除消息队列 Queue
rabbitmqadmin delete user name=test 删除用户 User
rabbitmqadmin delete exchange name=test 删除路由器 Exchange
rabbitmqadmin delete binding source='kk' destination_type=queue destination=test properties_key=test 删除路由器与消息队列的关系绑定 Binding
rabbitmqadmin -f raw_json list users raw_json 格式化输出
rabbitmqadmin -f long list users 格式化输出
rabbitmqadmin -f pretty_json list users pretty_json 格式化输出
rabbitmqadmin -f kvp list users 格式化输出
rabbitmqadmin -f tsv list users 格式化输出
rabbitmqadmin -f table list users table 格式化输出
rabbitmqadmin -f bash list users bash 格式化输出

 

 

参考资料:

  • https://www.cnblogs.com/xishuai/p/rabbitmq-cli-rabbitmqadmin.html
  • https://www.jianshu.com/p/8414cd70bef1

posted on 2021-05-17 23:30  曹伟雄  阅读(1563)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

导航