MVC学习系列6--使用Ajax加载分部视图和Json格式的数据
Ajax的应用在平时的工作中,很是常见,这篇文章,完全是为了,巩固复习。
我们先看看不使用json格式返回分部视图:
先说需求吧:
我有两个实体,一个是出版商【Publisher】,一个是书【Book】(很显然这是一对多的关系,一个出版商可以出版很多书籍,一本书只有一个出版商。),这里,我要实现的是,在出版商页面,使用DropDownList加载出来有哪些出版商,然后选择出版商的时候,异步加载分部视图,加载这个出版商出版的书籍的数据。
打算使用EF来做,也当是一个复习吧:
1.首先新建一个空白的MVC web项目:,在Model文件夹下面新建两个实体:
BOOK实体:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Models { public class Book { public int BookID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Auther { get; set; } public string Price { get; set; } public string Year { get; set; } public int PublisherID { get; set; } public virtual Publisher Publisher { get; set; } } }
Punlisher实体:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Models { public class Publisher { /// <summary> /// 出版编号 /// </summary> public int PublisherID { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 出版商名称 /// </summary> public string PublisherName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 出版日期 /// </summary> public string PublisherYear { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Book> Books { get; set; } } }
2.接着,添加EF引用,然后在根目录下,新建一个Map文件夹,在里面新建两个实体:
using AjaxDataInMVC.Models; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Map { public class BookMap:EntityTypeConfiguration<Book> { public BookMap() { //设置主键 this.HasKey(x => x.BookID); this.Property(x => x.BookID).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity); this.Property(x => x.Price).IsRequired(); this.Property(x => x.Auther).IsRequired().HasMaxLength(50); this.Property(x => x.Title); this.Property(x => x.Year); this.HasRequired(x => x.Publisher).WithMany(x => x.Books).HasForeignKey(x => x.PublisherID).WillCascadeOnDelete(true); this.ToTable("Books"); } } }
using AjaxDataInMVC.Models; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Map { public class PublisherMap:EntityTypeConfiguration<Publisher> { public PublisherMap() { //主键 this.HasKey(x => x.PublisherID); this.Property(x => x.PublisherID).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity); this.Property(x => x.PublisherName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); this.Property(x => x.PublisherYear).IsRequired(); this.ToTable("Publishers"); } } }
3.现在就是新建数据上下文类了,在Map文件夹下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Web; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Map { public class MyDbContext:DbContext { public MyDbContext() : base("name=DbConnectionString") { } protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { var typesToRegister = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes() .Where(type => !String.IsNullOrEmpty(type.Namespace)) .Where(type => type.BaseType != null && type.BaseType.IsGenericType && type.BaseType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(EntityTypeConfiguration<>)); foreach (var type in typesToRegister) { dynamic configurationInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type); modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(configurationInstance); } // base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); } } }
别忘了,配置文件中加上:
<connectionStrings> <add name="DbConnectionString" connectionString="server=.;database=MyBookDB;uid=sa;pwd=Password_1" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/> </connectionStrings>
5.这里特别提到,创建下拉框,我们可以新建一个ViewModel性质的实体
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel { public class PublisherViewModel { public PublisherViewModel() { PublisherList = new List<SelectListItem>(); } [Display(Name="PublishName")] public int PublisherID { get; set; } public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> PublisherList { get; set; } } }
4.创建对应的控制器:
using AjaxDataInMVC.Map; using AjaxDataInMVC.Models; using AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Controllers { public class PublisherController : Controller { private MyDbContext context; public PublisherController() { context = new MyDbContext();
//检测到循环引用可以加上这句 context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false; } // GET: Publisher public ActionResult Index() { List<Publisher> lstPublisher = context.Set<Publisher>().ToList(); PublisherViewModel model = new PublisherViewModel(); model.PublisherList = lstPublisher.Select(x => new SelectListItem() { Text = x.PublisherName, Value = x.PublisherID.ToString() }); return View(model); } } }
using AjaxDataInMVC.Map; using AjaxDataInMVC.Models; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Controllers { public class BookController : Controller { private MyDbContext context; public BookController() { context = new MyDbContext(); context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false; } // GET: Book public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } //直接返回布局页的方式:HTML public PartialViewResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id) { List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList(); return PartialView(lstBook); } //Json方式 //public JsonResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id) //{ // List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList(); // return Json(lstBook,JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); //} } }
Publisher控制器的Index视图:
@model AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel.PublisherViewModel @{ Layout = null; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <title>Index</title> </head> <body> @*思路是:在当前页面,点击下拉框,加载分部视图*@ <div> @Html.LabelFor(s=>s.PublisherID) @Html.DropDownListFor(s=>s.PublisherID,Model.PublisherList) </div> <div id="myDIV"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#PublisherID").change(function () { var id=$("#PublisherID").val(); $.ajax({ url: "/Book/GetBookDetailsByID/" + id, type: "get", dataType: "html", success: function (result) { //html文本方式 $("#myDIV").html(""); $("#myDIV").html(result); //二。Json方式 //$("#myDIV").html(""); //var myHTML = "<ul>"; //$.each(result, function (key, item) { // myHTML += "<li>编号:" + item.BookID + "</li>"; // myHTML += "<li>标题:" + item.Title + "</li>"; // myHTML += "<li>作者:" + item.Auther + "</li>"; // myHTML += "<li>价格:" + item.Price + "</li>"; // myHTML += "<li>时间:" + item.Year + "</li>"; //}) //myHTML +="</ul>" //$("#myDIV").html(myHTML); }, error:function(result){ alert(result.responseText); } }); }); }); </script> </body> </html>
Book控制器的分部视图GetBookDetailsByID:
@model IEnumerable<AjaxDataInMVC.Models.Book> <table style="border:1px solid thin"> <thead> <tr> <th>BookID</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Auther</th> <th>Price</th> <th>Year</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td>@item.BookID</td> <td>@item.Title</td> <td>@item.Auther</td> <td>@item.Price</td> <td>@item.Year</td> </tr> } </tbody> </table>
在数据库中写上测试数据,然后先运行一下:
选择:新华大学出版社,的时候,随即加载出了对应的数据。
选择:长江日报出版社的时候,加载:
现在看看:使用Json方式加载吧:
修改一下Book控制器,和其相关的Publisher控制器的Index视图就可以:
using AjaxDataInMVC.Map; using AjaxDataInMVC.Models; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; namespace AjaxDataInMVC.Controllers { public class BookController : Controller { private MyDbContext context; public BookController() { context = new MyDbContext(); context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false; } // GET: Book public ActionResult Index() { return View(); } ////直接返回布局页的方式:HTML //public PartialViewResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id) //{ // List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList(); // return PartialView(lstBook); //} //Json方式 public JsonResult GetBookDetailsByID(int id) { List<Book> lstBook = context.Set<Book>().Where(x => x.PublisherID.Equals(id)).ToList(); return Json(lstBook,JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); } } }
@model AjaxDataInMVC.ViewModel.PublisherViewModel @{ Layout = null; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <title>Index</title> </head> <body> @*思路是:在当前页面,点击下拉框,加载分部视图*@ <div> @Html.LabelFor(s=>s.PublisherID) @Html.DropDownListFor(s=>s.PublisherID,Model.PublisherList) </div> <div id="myDIV"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#PublisherID").change(function () { var id=$("#PublisherID").val(); $.ajax({ url: "/Book/GetBookDetailsByID/" + id, type: "get", dataType: "json", success: function (result) { //1.html文本方式 //$("#myDIV").html(""); //$("#myDIV").html(result); //二。Json方式 $("#myDIV").html(""); var myHTML = "<ul>"; $.each(result, function (key, item) { myHTML += "<li>编号:" + item.BookID + "</li>"; myHTML += "<li>标题:" + item.Title + "</li>"; myHTML += "<li>作者:" + item.Auther + "</li>"; myHTML += "<li>价格:" + item.Price + "</li>"; myHTML += "<li>时间:" + item.Year + "</li>"; }) myHTML +="</ul>" $("#myDIV").html(myHTML); }, error:function(result){ alert(result.responseText); } }); }); }); </script> </body> </html>
接着运行:
总结:这篇文章,完全为了复习巩固,另外在序列化Book实体,json 数据的时候,你可能会遇到这个错误:检测到循环依赖,因为我没有给Book实体新建一个ViewModel,这里可以这样解决:
context.Configuration.ProxyCreationEnabled = false;
禁用代理。
另外,使用Json格式返回数据,很快,比直接用HTML文本加载视图快很多。
Content Type | Header | Body | Total (Byte) |
text/html | 434 | 375 | 809 |
application/ json | 398 | 197 | 595 |
每天学一点,每天积累一天,进步就不止一点点!PS:好记性不如烂笔头,学会总结,学会思考~~~
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