流程控制之for循环
一 语法
#===========》Shell风格语法
for 变量名 [ in 取值列表 ]
do
循环体
done
#===========》C语言风格语法
for ((初值;条件;步长))
do
循环体
done
shell风格的for,常用in列表方式
for i in 1 2 3
for i in {1,2,3}
for i in {1..9}
for i in {9..1}
for i in {a..z}
for i in {A..Z}
for i in {X..Z}
for i in $(命令) # 例如:for i in $(head -10 /etc/passwd);do echo $i|cut -d: -f1,2;done
for i in $(find ...)
continue与for
continue:默认退出本次循环
break:默认退出本层循环
二 案例
案例1:shell风格的for
for i in {1..10}
do
echo $i
done
案例2:c语言风格的for
for ((i=1;i<=10;i++))
do
echo $i
done
案例3:检查内网存活的ip,使用&符号提升脚本的运行效率
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..254}
do
(ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.12.$i &> /dev/null && echo 192.168.12.$i) &
done
案例4:编写文件类型测试脚本,支持多个参数
[root@egon /]# cat file.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in $@
do
if [[ -d $i ]];then
echo "$i is directory."
elif [[ -b $i ]];then
echo "$i is block device."
elif [[ -f $i ]];then
echo "$i is a regular file."
else
echo "unknow."
fi
done
[root@egon /]# chmod +x file.sh
[root@egon /]#
[root@egon /]# ./file.sh a.txt /etc /root /abc
a.txt is a regular file.
/etc is directory.
/root is directory.
unknow.
案例5:可以直接在命令行编写for循环
[root@egon /]# for i in {1..10};do [ $i -eq 5 ] && continue || echo $i;done
[root@egon /]# for i in {1..10};do [ $i -eq 5 ] && break || echo $i;done
案例6:统计dev下每种文件类型的数量
#!/bin/bash
dir='/dev'
for i in `ls $dir`
do
if [ -b $dir/$i ];then
((block++)) # 或者 let block++,下同
elif [ -f $dir/$i ];then
((file++))
elif [ -d $dir/$i ];then
((directory++))
else
((unkown++))
fi
done
echo 'block' $block
echo 'regular file' $file
echo 'directory' $directory
echo 'unkown' $unkown
案例7:向脚本传递一个用户名,验证这个用户是否存在.
[root@egon ~]# cat testuser.sh
#!/bin/bash
id $1 &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "用户$1存在"
else
echo "用户$1不存在"
fi
[root@egon ~]# ./testuser.sh root
用户root存在
案例8:添加30个用户,再将它们删除
for i in {1..30};
do
useradd user$i&&echo "user$i create successful"
done
for i in {1..30};
do
userdel -r user$i&&echo "user$i delete successful"
done
案例9:输入账号信息,输入个数,批量创建用户user01、user02、user03...,密码默认123456
[root@egon shell]# cat adduser.sh
#!/bin/bash
read -p "请输入创建的用户名信息: " name
read -p "请输入创建的用户数量: " count
for i in `seq -w $count`
do
echo $name$i
useradd $name$i &>/dev/null
echo 123456 | passwd --stdin $name$i &>/dev/null
id $name$i &>/dev/null
[ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "$name$i create is ok" || echo "$name$i create is failed"
done
案例10:嵌套多层for循环,结合break与continue,(了解即可)
#1、使用break:
break 默认参数是 1
所以写 break 等于 break 1
意义:退出当前循环层
break 2 则向上退出2层循环 当前循环也计算在退出层次里
# 示例
for i in {0..3}
do
echo -e "第一层循环:loop$i"
for j in {0..3}
do
echo -e "\t第二层循环:loop$j"
for n in {0..3}
do
echo -e "\t\t第三层循环:loop$n:$i$j$n"
if ((n==2));then
break 3
fi
done
done
done
#2、使用continue
continue = continue 1
在当次循环中忽略continue后续的代码
就是:立即结束当前循环中的当次循环,而转入当前循环的下一次循环
continue 2 等同于 break 1
continue 3 等同于 break 2
总结:continue n 等同于 break n-1
for i in {0..3}
do
echo -e "第一层循环:loop$i"
for j in {0..3}
do
echo -e "\t第二层循环:loop$j"
for n in {0..3}
do
echo -e "\t\t第三层循环:loop$n:$i$j$n"
if ((n==2));then
continue 3
fi
done
done
done
测试zabbix
测试zabbix
[root@10-176-8-6 ~]# cat 2.txt
10.227.47.24
10.227.47.11
10.227.47.10
10.227.47.9
10.227.47.8
10.227.47.7
10.227.47.6
[root@10-176-8-6 ~]# for i in `cat 2.txt`; do zabbix_get -s $i -k 'system.uname'; done