微信推送

可以用来做推送的软件：
1.邮件
2.微信推送
3.短信推送

一.微信推送的几种形式：

# 微信沙箱环境地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login

1.公众号(不能主动给用户发消息)

-认证的公众号:需要营业执照,需要交钱,可以发多篇文章
-未认证的公众号:一天只能发一篇文章

2.服务号(微信推送)

-需要申请,需要认证
-可以主动给用户推送消息
-能给推送的人,用户必须关注我的服务号
-需要使用沙箱环境

3.企业号

-企业里用的:一般可以用来打卡，企业重要通知，不加好友也可以聊天沟通

我们扫码所见的二维码:其实就是一个url地址

咱们在前端通过url(https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2.....)生成一个二维码

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

微信推送代码：

import hashlib
from django.db import models


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True)
    password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64)
    uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID', max_length=64, unique=True)
    wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID
        if not self.pk:
            m = hashlib.md5()
            m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
            self.uid = m.hexdigest()
        super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

import json
import functools
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models


# 沙箱环境地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
def index(request):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
    return render(request, 'index.html', {'obj': obj})


# 登陆装饰器
def auth(func):
    def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
        user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
        if not user_info:
            return redirect('/login/')
        return func(request, *args, **kwargs)

    return inner


def login(request):
    """
    用户登录
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123)

    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get('user')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
        if obj:
            request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
            return redirect('/bind/')
    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')


@auth
def bind(request):
    """
    用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送）
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    return render(request, 'bind.html')


@auth
def bind_qcode(request):
    """
    生成二维码
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    ret = {'code': 1000}
    try:
        access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
        access_url = access_url.format(
            # 商户的appid
            appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"],  # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd',
            # 回调地址
            redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"],
            # 当前登录用户的唯一id
            state=request.session['user_info']['uid']  # 为当前用户生成MD5值
        )
        ret['data'] = access_url
    except Exception as e:
        ret['code'] = 1001
        ret['msg'] = str(e)

    return JsonResponse(ret)


def callback(request):
    """
    用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。
    用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    code = request.GET.get("code")

    # 用户md5值,用户唯一id
    state = request.GET.get("state")

    # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息)
    # request模块朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址发get请求
    res = requests.get(
        url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
        params={
            "appid": 'wxd553c1269e067f78',
            "secret": 'd40ddce9797df9ba3d2c2d7cfbe69a2a',
            "code": code,
            "grant_type": 'authorization_code',
        }
    ).json()
    # res.data   是json格式
    # res=json.loads(res.data)
    # res是一个字典
    # 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
    openid = res.get("openid")
    if openid:
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
        response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
    else:
        response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>"
    return HttpResponse(response)


def sendmsg(request):
    def get_access_token():
        """
        获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
        如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
        """
        result = requests.get(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
            params={
                "grant_type": "client_credential",
                "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
                "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
            }
        ).json()
        if result.get("access_token"):
            access_token = result.get('access_token')
        else:
            access_token = None
        return access_token

    access_token = get_access_token()

    openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id

    def send_custom_msg():
        body = {
            "touser": openid,
            "msgtype": "text",
            "text": {
                "content": '曹蕊大美女'
            }
        }
        response = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
            # 放到路径?后面的东西
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            # 这是post请求body体中的内容
            data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
        )
        # 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
        result = response.json()
        return result

    def send_template_msg():
        """
        发送模版消息
        """
        body = {
            "touser": openid,
            "template_id": 'c7D1dccEnPX2CFntWL064CDVRnn8_iBX-NEn08kYgjI',
            "data": {
                "first": {
                    "value": "cao",
                    "color": "#173177"
                },
                "second": {
                    "value": "世界第一美",
                    "color": "#173177"
                },
            }
        }
        res = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')

        )
        result = res.json()
        return result

    result = send_custom_msg()

    if result.get('errcode') == 0:
        return HttpResponse('发送成功')
    return HttpResponse('发送失败')

{% load staticfiles %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 600px;margin: 0 auto">
    <h1>请关注路飞学城服务号，并绑定个人用户（用于以后的消息提醒）</h1>
    <div>
        <h3>第一步：关注路飞学城微信服务号</h3>
        <img style="height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/luffy.jpeg" %}">
    </div>
    <input type="button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()">
    <div>
        <h3>第二步：绑定个人账户</h3>
        <div id="qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div>
    </div>
</div>
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script>
{#qrcode 可以生成二维码 #}
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script>
<script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script>
<script>
    function getBindUserQcode() {
        $.ajax({
            url: '/bind_qcode/',
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (result) {
                console.log(result);
                //result.data 取出来的是什么?是后台生成的一个地址
                //通过js生成一个二维码图片放到div中
                $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data});
            }
        });
    }
</script>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/login/" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名">
        <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码">
        <input type="submit" value="登录">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
    <h1>{{ obj.username }} -> {{ obj.wx_id }}</h1>
</body>
</html>

"""
Django settings for wxbox project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.7.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'gx626a&^9x#8+=k&zl9n^m+_)y^r(y(y=2^uk_jcr#o9itmlok'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'wxbox.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'wxbox.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)

# ############# 微信 ##############
WECHAT_CONFIG = {
    'app_id': 'wxd553c1269e067f78',
    'appsecret': 'd40ddce9797df9ba3d2c2d7cfbe69a2a',
    'redirect_uri': 'http://42.56.89.12/callback/',
}

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/$', views.login),
    url(r'^index/$', views.index),
    url(r'^bind/$', views.bind),
    url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode),
    url(r'^callback/$', views.callback),
    url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg),
]

需要导入这三个文件