SpringBoot异步调用--@Async详解
1. 概述
在日常开发中,为了提高主线程的效率,往往需要采用异步调用处理,例如系统日志等。在实际业务场景中,可以使用消息中间件如RabbitMQ、RocketMQ、Kafka等来解决。假如对高可用没有太高的要求,也可以使用线程池或者队列来解决。
2. 创建工程
- 创建Maven工程
- 修改配置文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.c3stones</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-async-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring-boot-async-demo</name>
<description>Spring Boot Simple Demo</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>28.2-jre</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 示例1:创建线程池,异步调用
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
public class SimpleDemo {
// 创建固定数目线程的线程池
// 阿里巴巴Java开发手册中提到可能存在OOM(OutOfMemory)内存溢出异常
// private static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
// 推荐使用com.google.guava的ThreadFactoryBuilder来创建线程池
private static ThreadFactory threadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("simple-threadpool-%d")
.build();
/**
* java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
* int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,
* BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory,
* RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
*
* @param corePoolSize 线程池大小
* @param maximumPoolSize 最大线程数
* @param keepAliveTime 当线程大于线程池大小时,最长等待时间
* @param unit 时间单位
* @param workQueue 任务队列
* @param threadFactory 指定线程工厂
* @param handler 当线程池界限和队列容量时,阻止线程处理
*/
private static ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 200, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1024), threadFactory, new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 提交线程到线程池
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
threadPool.execute(new SimpleThread1());
threadPool.execute(new SimpleThread2());
}
// 关闭
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
class SimpleThread1 implements Runnable {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleThread1.class);
@Override
public void run() {
try {
logger.info("线程 SimpleThread1 被调用!");
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class SimpleThread2 implements Runnable {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleThread2.class);
@Override
public void run() {
try {
logger.info("线程 SimpleThread2 被调用!");
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
控制台打印:
14:06:05.009 [simple-threadpool-1] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread2 - 线程 SimpleThread2 被调用!
14:06:05.009 [simple-threadpool-3] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread2 - 线程 SimpleThread2 被调用!
14:06:05.010 [simple-threadpool-0] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread1 - 线程 SimpleThread1 被调用!
14:06:05.009 [simple-threadpool-4] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread1 - 线程 SimpleThread1 被调用!
14:06:05.009 [simple-threadpool-2] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread1 - 线程 SimpleThread1 被调用!
14:06:06.017 [simple-threadpool-3] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread2 - 线程 SimpleThread2 被调用!
14:06:06.018 [simple-threadpool-1] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread1 - 线程 SimpleThread1 被调用!
14:06:07.017 [simple-threadpool-3] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread2 - 线程 SimpleThread2 被调用!
14:06:08.017 [simple-threadpool-3] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread1 - 线程 SimpleThread1 被调用!
14:06:08.018 [simple-threadpool-2] INFO com.c3stones.simple.SimpleThread2 - 线程 SimpleThread2 被调用!
问题:
(1) 当进程被异常关闭,会导致存储在线程池或者队列的线程丢失。
(2) 但是消息队列中的消息不会因为JVM进程关闭而丢失,依然存储在消息队列所在服务器上。
3. 快速入门
- 开启异步支持
/**
* 启动类
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync // 开启异步支持
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
- 编写业务代码
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 快速入门
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@Service
@Slf4j
public class TestQuickService {
@SneakyThrows
public String get() {
log.info("调用TestQuickService.get()!");
Thread.sleep(2000);
return "get";
}
@SneakyThrows
public String get2() {
log.info("调用TestQuickService.get2()!");
Thread.sleep(5000);
return "get2";
}
}
- 测试同步调用
/**
* 测试快速入门
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
@Slf4j
public class TestQuick {
@Autowired
private TestQuickService quickService;
/**
* 测试同步调用
*/
@Test
public void testSync() {
LocalDateTime startTime = LocalDateTime.now();
quickService.get();
quickService.get2();
LocalDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now();
log.info("同步调用,总耗时:" + Duration.between(startTime, endTime).toMillis() + " ms");
}
}
控制台打印:
2020-05-28 16:39:36.853 INFO 6220 --- [ main] com.c3stones.quick.TestQuickService : 调用TestQuickService.get()!
2020-05-28 16:39:38.853 INFO 6220 --- [ main] com.c3stones.quick.TestQuickService : 调用TestQuickService.get2()!
2020-05-28 16:39:43.857 INFO 6220 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestQuick : 同步调用,总耗时:7000 ms
可以看出总耗时为两个业务方法的总耗时,并且在主线程中执行。
- 异步调用,添加 @Async 注解
@Async
public String asyncGet() {
return this.get();
}
@Async
public String asyncGet2() {
return this.get2();
}
- 测试异步调用
/**
* 测试异步调用
*/
@Test
public void testAsync() {
LocalDateTime startTime = LocalDateTime.now();
quickService.asyncGet();
quickService.asyncGet2();
LocalDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now();
log.info("异步调用,总耗时:" + Duration.between(startTime, endTime).toMillis() + " ms");
}
控制台打印:
2020-05-28 17:11:10.550 INFO 908 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-05-28 17:11:10.563 INFO 908 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestQuick : 异步调用,总耗时:45 ms
2020-05-28 17:11:10.574 INFO 908 --- [ task-2] com.c3stones.quick.TestQuickService : 调用TestQuickService.get2()!
2020-05-28 17:11:10.575 INFO 908 --- [ task-1] com.c3stones.quick.TestQuickService : 调用TestQuickService.get()!
2020-05-28 17:11:10.587 INFO 908 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
可以看出总耗时不受业务方法时间的影响,并且都在异步线程池中执行的。
注意:实际两个方法并没有执行完成。
4. 异步调用但主线程阻塞
实际场景中肯定不可能出现上述的问题。肯定希望既能异步调用,并且主线程能阻塞,直到方法执行完成。
- 改进代码,返回Futrue对象
@Async
public Future<String> asyncFutureGet() {
return AsyncResult.forValue(this.get());
}
@Async
public Future<String> asyncFutureGet2() {
return AsyncResult.forValue(this.get2());
}
- 测试异步调用并阻塞主线程
/**
* 测试异步调用并阻塞主线程
*/
@Test
@SneakyThrows
public void testAsyncFuture() {
LocalDateTime startTime = LocalDateTime.now();
// 执行
Future<String> getFuture = quickService.asyncFutureGet();
Future<String> get2Future = quickService.asyncFutureGet2();
// 阻塞等待执行结果
getFuture.get();
get2Future.get();
LocalDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now();
log.info("异步调用,总耗时:" + Duration.between(startTime, endTime).toMillis() + " ms");
}
控制台打印:
2020-05-28 17:14:57.434 INFO 5784 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-05-28 17:14:57.468 INFO 5784 --- [ task-2] com.c3stones.quick.TestQuickService : 调用TestQuickService.get2()!
2020-05-28 17:14:57.470 INFO 5784 --- [ task-1] com.c3stones.quick.TestQuickService : 调用TestQuickService.get()!
2020-05-28 17:15:02.474 INFO 5784 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestQuick : 异步调用,总耗时:5066 ms
2020-05-28 17:15:02.511 INFO 5784 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
可以看出总耗时由耗时较长的方法决定,并且在异步线程池中执行。
5. Spring Task配置
- 编写配置文件application.yml
spring:
task: # Spring执行器配置,对应TaskExecutionProperties配置类。对于Spring异步任务,会使用该执行器。
execution:
thread-name-prefix: task- # 线程池的线程名的前缀。默认为 task- ,根据自己应用来设置。
pool: # 线程池相关
core-size: 8 # 核心线程数,线程池创建时初始化的线程数。默认为 8。
max-size: 20 # 最大线程数,线程池最大的线程数,只有在缓冲队列满了之后,才会申请超过核心线程数的线程。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE。
keep-alive: 60s # 允许线程的空闲时间,当超过了核心线程之外的线程,在空闲时间到达之后会被销毁。默认为 60 秒。
queue-capacity: 200 # 缓冲队列大小,用来缓冲执行任务的队列的大小。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE。
allow-core-thread-timeout: true # 是否允许核心线程超时,即开启线程池的动态增长和缩小。默认为 true。
shutdown:
await-termination: true # 应用关闭时,是否等待定时任务执行完成。默认为 false ,建议设置为 true。
await-termination-period: 60 # 等待任务完成的最大时长,单位为秒。默认为 0。
在spring.task.execution
配置项Spring Task
调度任务的配置对应TaskExecutionProperties
配置类。
Spring Boot TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration
自动化配置类,实现Spring Task
的自动配置,创建ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
基于线程池的任务执行器。本质上ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
是基于 ThreadPoolExecutor
的封装,主要增加了提交任务,返回ListenableFuture
对象的功能。
spring.task.execution.shutdown
配置项是为了实现Spring Task
异步任务的优雅关闭。
在异步任务执行过程中,如果应用开始关闭,把异步任务需要使用到的Spring Bean一并销毁,例如数据库连接池等,但是异步任务还在执行中,当需要访问数据库时,就会导致报错。所以通过配置await-termination = true
来实现应用关闭时,等待异步任务执行完成。这样应用在关闭时Spring 会优先等待ThreadPoolTaskSchedule 执行完任务之后,再开始Spring Bean的销毁。
同时,又考虑到我们不可能无限等待异步任务全部执行结束,因此可以配置await-termination-period = 60
,等待任务完成的最大时长,单位为秒。具体设置需与根据业务场景决定。
6. 异步回调
- AsyncResult类,异步结果
- ListenableFuture接口,监听Future
- Future接口,返回异步计算结果
org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult<V>
类实现了org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<T>
接口,org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<T>
又继承了java.util.concurrent.Future<V>
接口。
Future表示一个异步计算任务,当任务完成时得到计算结果。如果希望执行完成后马上得到结果,则需要另一个线程不断的查询监控状态,毋庸置疑增加了一定的复杂度。ListenableFuture对java原生Future进行扩展增强,其实就是监听Future是否执行完成,并自动调用回调方法,减少并发程序的复杂度。
源码分析:
public interface Future<V> {
/**
* 1. 如果任务没有开始,mayInterruptIfRunning = true/false,则直接返回false;<br/>
* 2. 如果任务正在执行中,mayInterruptIfRunning = true,则试图中断任务,如果成功中断,则返回true;<br/>
* 3. 如果任务正在执行中,mayInterruptIfRunning = false,则不会对执行中的线程产生影响,则直接返回false;<br/>
* 4. 如果任务已经完成,mayInterruptIfRunning = true/false,则直接返回false;<br/>
*
* @param mayInterruptIfRunning 是否中断执行中的线程
* @return true/false
*/
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
/**
* 如果任务被中断,则返回true
*
* @return true/false
*/
boolean isCancelled();
/**
* 如果任务已经完成,无论是正常结束或是中端断都返回 true
*
* @return true/false
*/
boolean isDone();
/**
* 获得异步结果,如果任务还在执行中,则阻塞直到异步任务完成
*
* @return
* @throws InterruptedException
* @throws ExecutionException
*/
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
/**
* 获得异步结果,如果任务还在执行中,则阻塞直到异步任务完成<br/>
* 但是有时间限制,如果阻塞时间超过设定的timeout,则抛出异常。
*
* @param timeout 超时时间
* @param unit 时间单位枚举
* @return
* @throws InterruptedException
* @throws ExecutionException
*/
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
public interface ListenableFuture<T> extends Future<T> {
/**
* 回调方法,处理异常结果(不论成功还是异常)
*
* @param callback
*/
void addCallback(ListenableFutureCallback<? super T> callback);
/**
* 回调方法,分别处理成功和异常结果
*
* @param successCallback 成功回调
* @param failureCallback 异常回调
*/
void addCallback(SuccessCallback<? super T> successCallback, FailureCallback failureCallback);
/**
* 转换成JDK1.8提供的CompletableFuture类,该类提供了非常强大的Future扩展功能
*
* @return
*/
default CompletableFuture<T> completable() {
CompletableFuture<T> completable = new DelegatingCompletableFuture<>(this);
addCallback(completable::complete, completable::completeExceptionally);
return completable;
}
}
public class AsyncResult<V> implements ListenableFuture<V> {
@Nullable
private final V value;
@Nullable
private final Throwable executionException;
public AsyncResult(@Nullable V value) {
this(value, null);
}
private AsyncResult(@Nullable V value, @Nullable Throwable ex) {
this.value = value;
this.executionException = ex;
}
/**
* AsyncResult表示异常结果,则表示取消失败
*
* @param mayInterruptIfRunning 是否中断执行中的线程
* @return false
*/
@Override
public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
return false;
}
/**
* AsyncResult表示异常结果,则表示取消失败
*
* @return false
*/
@Override
public boolean isCancelled() {
return false;
}
/**
* AsyncResult表示异常结果,则表示执行完成
*
* @return true
*/
@Override
public boolean isDone() {
return true;
}
/**
* 获得异步结果,如果任务还在执行中,则阻塞直到异步任务完成
*
* @return
* @throws ExecutionException
*/
@Override
@Nullable
public V get() throws ExecutionException {
if (this.executionException != null) {
throw (this.executionException instanceof ExecutionException ? (ExecutionException) this.executionException
: new ExecutionException(this.executionException));
}
return this.value;
}
/**
* 获得异步结果,如果任务还在执行中,则阻塞直到异步任务完成<br/>
* 但是有时间限制,如果阻塞时间超过设定的timeout,则抛出异常。
*
* @param timeout 超时时间
* @param unit 时间单位枚举
* @return
* @throws InterruptedException
* @throws ExecutionException
*/
@Override
@Nullable
public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws ExecutionException {
return get();
}
/**
* 回调方法,处理成功和异常的结果
*
* @param callback
*/
@Override
public void addCallback(ListenableFutureCallback<? super V> callback) {
addCallback(callback, callback);
}
/**
* 回调方法,分别处理成功和异常的结果<br/>
* catch中忽略了回调中发生的异常。当多个对调方法执行时,不会因为某一个回调方法异常而影响其他的回调方法
*
* @param successCallback 成功回调
* @param failureCallback 异常回调
*/
@Override
public void addCallback(SuccessCallback<? super V> successCallback, FailureCallback failureCallback) {
try {
if (this.executionException != null) {
failureCallback.onFailure(exposedException(this.executionException));
} else {
successCallback.onSuccess(this.value);
}
} catch (Throwable ex) {
// Ignore
}
}
/**
* 返回CompletableFuture
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public CompletableFuture<V> completable() {
if (this.executionException != null) {
CompletableFuture<V> completable = new CompletableFuture<>();
completable.completeExceptionally(exposedException(this.executionException));
return completable;
} else {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(this.value);
}
}
/**
* 执行成功,返回ListenableFuture
*
* @param <V>
* @param value
* @return
*/
public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> forValue(V value) {
return new AsyncResult<>(value, null);
}
/**
* 执行失败,返回ListenableFuture,执行回调方法
*
* @param <V>
* @param ex
* @return
*/
public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> forExecutionException(Throwable ex) {
return new AsyncResult<>(null, ex);
}
/**
* 获得具体的异常
*
* @param original
* @return
*/
private static Throwable exposedException(Throwable original) {
if (original instanceof ExecutionException) {
Throwable cause = original.getCause();
if (cause != null) {
return cause;
}
}
return original;
}
}
- ListenableFutureTask类,异步增强ListenableFuture
org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFutureTask<T>
类继承了java.util.concurrent.FutureTask<T>
类,实现了org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<T>
接口。
public class ListenableFutureTask<T> extends FutureTask<T> implements ListenableFuture<T> {
/**
* 暂存回调
*/
private final ListenableFutureCallbackRegistry<T> callbacks = new ListenableFutureCallbackRegistry<>();
public ListenableFutureTask(Callable<T> callable) {
super(callable);
}
public ListenableFutureTask(Runnable runnable, @Nullable T result) {
super(runnable, result);
}
/**
* 回调方法,处理成功和异常的结果
*
* @param callback
*/
@Override
public void addCallback(ListenableFutureCallback<? super T> callback) {
this.callbacks.addCallback(callback);
}
/**
* 回调方法,分别处理成功和异常的结果<br/>
* catch中忽略了回调中发生的异常。当多个对调方法执行时,不会因为某一个回调方法异常而影响其他的回调方法
*
* @param successCallback 成功回调
* @param failureCallback 异常回调
*/
@Override
public void addCallback(SuccessCallback<? super T> successCallback, FailureCallback failureCallback) {
this.callbacks.addSuccessCallback(successCallback);
this.callbacks.addFailureCallback(failureCallback);
}
/**
* 返回CompletableFuture
*
* @return
*/
@Override
public CompletableFuture<T> completable() {
CompletableFuture<T> completable = new DelegatingCompletableFuture<>(this);
this.callbacks.addSuccessCallback(completable::complete);
this.callbacks.addFailureCallback(completable::completeExceptionally);
return completable;
}
/**
* 重写FutureTask中的done方法
*/
@Override
protected void done() {
Throwable cause;
try {
// 获得执行结果
T result = get();
// 执行成功,执行成功回调方法
this.callbacks.success(result);
return;
} catch (InterruptedException ex) { // 中断异常,并返回
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
return;
} catch (ExecutionException ex) { // 获得具体的异常,并设置到cause中
cause = ex.getCause();
if (cause == null) {
cause = ex;
}
} catch (Throwable ex) { // 设置到cause中
cause = ex;
}
// 执行异常,执行异常回调方法
this.callbacks.failure(cause);
}
}
7. 测试异步回调
- 编写业务代码
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 测试回调
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@Service
@Slf4j
public class TestCallbackService {
@SneakyThrows
public String get() {
log.info("调用TestCallbackService.get()!");
Thread.sleep(2000);
return "get";
}
@Async
public ListenableFuture<String> asyncCallback() {
try {
return AsyncResult.forValue(this.get());
} catch (Throwable ex) {
return AsyncResult.forExecutionException(ex);
}
}
}
- 测试异步回调
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 测试异步回调
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
@Slf4j
public class TestCallback {
@Autowired
private TestCallbackService callbackService;
/**
* 测试异步回调
*/
@Test
@SneakyThrows
public void testCallback() {
LocalDateTime startTime = LocalDateTime.now();
ListenableFuture<String> listenableFuture = callbackService.asyncCallback();
log.info("返回类型为:" + listenableFuture.getClass().getSimpleName());
// 分别增加成功和异常的回调
listenableFuture.addCallback(new SuccessCallback<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(String result) {
log.info("执行成功!");
}
}, new FailureCallback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable ex) {
log.error("执行异常:" + ex);
}
});
// 增加统一的成功和异常回调
listenableFuture.addCallback(new ListenableFutureCallback<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(String result) {
log.info("执行成功!");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable ex) {
log.error("执行异常:" + ex);
}
});
// 阻塞主线程
listenableFuture.get();
LocalDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now();
log.info("异步调用,总耗时:" + Duration.between(startTime, endTime).toMillis() + " ms");
}
}
控制台打印:
2020-05-29 11:56:24.815 INFO 17920 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-05-29 11:56:24.822 INFO 17920 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestCallback : 返回类型为:ListenableFutureTask
2020-05-29 11:56:24.835 INFO 17920 --- [ task-1] c.c3stones.callback.TestCallbackService : 调用TestCallbackService.get()!
2020-05-29 11:56:26.838 INFO 17920 --- [ task-1] com.c3stones.test.TestCallback : 执行成功!
2020-05-29 11:56:26.838 INFO 17920 --- [ task-1] com.c3stones.test.TestCallback : 执行成功!
2020-05-29 11:56:26.843 INFO 17920 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestCallback : 异步调用,总耗时:2055 ms
2020-05-29 11:56:26.874 INFO 17920 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
8. 全局异步异常处理器
实现AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler
接口即可实现异步调用的统一异常处理。
注意:AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler
返回非Future类型 的异步调用方法。因此返回Future类型的异步方法只能使用回调方法处理。
从AsyncExecutionAspectSupport
的handleError
方法可以看出上述结论。
protected void handleError(Throwable ex, Method method, Object... params) throws Exception {
// 返回类型为Future,直接抛出异常
if (Future.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getReturnType())) {
ReflectionUtils.rethrowException(ex);
}
// 否则,交给AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler来处理
else {
// Could not transmit the exception to the caller with default executor
try {
this.exceptionHandler.obtain().handleUncaughtException(ex, method, params);
}
catch (Throwable ex2) {
logger.warn("Exception handler for async method '" + method.toGenericString() +
"' threw unexpected exception itself", ex2);
}
}
}
- 编写全局异步异常处理器
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 全局异步异常处理器
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class GlobalAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler implements AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler {
/**
* 处理未捕获的异步调用异常
*/
@Override
public void handleUncaughtException(Throwable ex, Method method, Object... params) {
log.error("方法:{}, 参数:{},调用异常:{}", method, params, ex.getMessage());
}
}
- 编写异步配置类
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import com.c3stones.handle.GlobalAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
@Configuration
@EnableAsync // 开启异步支持(和Application启动类中保留一个即可,建议保留在此处)
public class AsyncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Autowired
private GlobalAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler asyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
/**
* 返回 Spring Task异步任务的默认执行器。<br/>
* 返回了null,则使用TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration自动化配置类创建的ThreadPoolTaskExecutor任务执行器作为默认执行器
*/
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
return null;
}
/**
* 返回自定义的全局异步异常处理器
*/
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return asyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
}
}
- 测试全局异步异常处理
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.c3stones.Application;
import com.c3stones.exceptionHandle.TestAsyncExceptionService;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 测试异步异常处理
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
@Slf4j
public class TestAsyncException {
@Autowired
private TestAsyncExceptionService asyncExceptionService;
/**
* 测试异步异常
*/
@Test
@SneakyThrows
public void testAsyncException() {
LocalDateTime startTime = LocalDateTime.now();
asyncExceptionService.asyncException();
// 异步调用成功
Thread.sleep(5000);
LocalDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now();
log.info("异步异常调用,总耗时:" + Duration.between(startTime, endTime).toMillis() + " ms");
}
}
控制台打印:
2020-05-29 11:59:12.804 INFO 12724 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-05-29 11:59:12.821 ERROR 12724 --- [ task-1] .c.h.GlobalAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler : 方法:public java.lang.String com.c3stones.exceptionHandle.TestAsyncExceptionService.asyncException(), 参数:[],调用异常:TestAsyncExceptionService.asyncException抛出异常!
2020-05-29 11:59:17.817 INFO 12724 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestAsyncException : 异步异常调用,总耗时:5048 ms
2020-05-29 11:59:17.856 INFO 12724 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
9. 自定义任务执行器
使用Spring Boot TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration
自动化配置类,实现自动配置ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
任务执行器。
- 创建Maven工程
- 修改pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.c3stones</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-async-demo2</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring-boot-async-demo2</name>
<description>Spring Boot Async Demo2</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 编写application.yml
spring:
task: # Spring执行器配置,对应TaskExecutionProperties配置类。对于Spring异步任务,会使用该执行器。
execution-one:
thread-name-prefix: task-one- # 线程池的线程名的前缀。默认为 task- ,根据自己应用来设置。
pool: # 线程池相关
core-size: 8 # 核心线程数,线程池创建时初始化的线程数。默认为 8。
max-size: 20 # 最大线程数,线程池最大的线程数,只有在缓冲队列满了之后,才会申请超过核心线程数的线程。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE。
keep-alive: 60s # 允许线程的空闲时间,当超过了核心线程之外的线程,在空闲时间到达之后会被销毁。默认为 60 秒。
queue-capacity: 200 # 缓冲队列大小,用来缓冲执行任务的队列的大小。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE。
allow-core-thread-timeout: true # 是否允许核心线程超时,即开启线程池的动态增长和缩小。默认为 true。
shutdown:
await-termination: true # 应用关闭时,是否等待定时任务执行完成。默认为 false ,建议设置为 true。
await-termination-period: 60 # 等待任务完成的最大时长,单位为秒。默认为 0。
execution-two:
thread-name-prefix: task-two- # 线程池的线程名的前缀。默认为 task- ,根据自己应用来设置。
pool: # 线程池相关
core-size: 8 # 核心线程数,线程池创建时初始化的线程数。默认为 8。
max-size: 20 # 最大线程数,线程池最大的线程数,只有在缓冲队列满了之后,才会申请超过核心线程数的线程。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE。
keep-alive: 60s # 允许线程的空闲时间,当超过了核心线程之外的线程,在空闲时间到达之后会被销毁。默认为 60 秒。
queue-capacity: 200 # 缓冲队列大小,用来缓冲执行任务的队列的大小。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE。
allow-core-thread-timeout: true # 是否允许核心线程超时,即开启线程池的动态增长和缩小。默认为 true。
shutdown:
await-termination: true # 应用关闭时,是否等待定时任务执行完成。默认为 false ,建议设置为 true。
await-termination-period: 60 # 等待任务完成的最大时长,单位为秒。默认为 0。
- 配置执行器
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.task.TaskExecutorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
/**
* 异步配置
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@Configuration
@EnableAsync // 开启异步的支持
public class AsyncConfig {
/**
* 执行器1
*/
public static final String EXECUTOR_ONE = "executor-one";
/**
* 执行器2
*/
public static final String EXECUTOR_TWO = "executor-two";
/**
* 配置执行器1
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@Configuration
public static class ExecutorOneConfiguration {
@Bean(name = EXECUTOR_ONE + "-properties")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.task.execution-one")
@Primary
public TaskExecutionProperties taskExecutionProperties() {
return new TaskExecutionProperties();
}
@Bean(name = EXECUTOR_ONE)
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor() {
// 通过TaskExecutorBuilder对象创建ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
TaskExecutorBuilder builder = createTaskExecutorBuilder(this.taskExecutionProperties());
return builder.build();
}
}
/**
* 配置执行器2
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@Configuration
public static class ExecutorTwoConfiguration {
@Bean(name = EXECUTOR_TWO + "-properties")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.task.execution-two")
public TaskExecutionProperties taskExecutionProperties() {
return new TaskExecutionProperties();
}
@Bean(name = EXECUTOR_TWO)
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor() {
// 通过TaskExecutorBuilder对象创建ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
TaskExecutorBuilder builder = createTaskExecutorBuilder(this.taskExecutionProperties());
return builder.build();
}
}
/**
* 创建TaskExecutorBuilder
*
* @param properties 配置,从配置文件读取
* @return
*/
private static TaskExecutorBuilder createTaskExecutorBuilder(TaskExecutionProperties properties) {
TaskExecutionProperties.Pool pool = properties.getPool();
TaskExecutorBuilder builder = new TaskExecutorBuilder();
// 配置属性,与配置文件对应
// 其它基本属性
builder = builder.threadNamePrefix(properties.getThreadNamePrefix());
// Pool 属性
builder = builder.corePoolSize(pool.getCoreSize());
builder = builder.maxPoolSize(pool.getMaxSize());
builder = builder.keepAlive(pool.getKeepAlive());
builder = builder.queueCapacity(pool.getQueueCapacity());
builder = builder.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(pool.isAllowCoreThreadTimeout());
// Shutdown 属性
TaskExecutionProperties.Shutdown shutdown = properties.getShutdown();
builder = builder.awaitTermination(shutdown.isAwaitTermination());
builder = builder.awaitTerminationPeriod(shutdown.getAwaitTerminationPeriod());
return builder;
}
}
- 编写业务逻辑,指定执行器
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.c3stones.config.AsyncConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 自定义执行器
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@Service
@Slf4j
public class TestExecutorService {
/**
* 指定执行器1
*
* @return
*/
@Async(AsyncConfig.EXECUTOR_ONE)
public String get() {
log.info("调用TestExecutorService.get()!");
return "get";
}
/**
* 指定执行器2
*
* @return
*/
@Async(AsyncConfig.EXECUTOR_TWO)
public String get2() {
log.info("调用TestExecutorService.get2()!");
return "get2";
}
}
- 编写启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
* 启动类
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
- 测试自定义执行器
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.c3stones.Application;
import com.c3stones.service.TestExecutorService;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* 测试自定义执行器
*
* @author CL
*
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
@Slf4j
public class TestExecutor {
@Autowired
private TestExecutorService executorService;
/**
* 自定义执行器
*/
@Test
@SneakyThrows
public void testExecute() {
LocalDateTime startTime = LocalDateTime.now();
executorService.get();
executorService.get2();
Thread.sleep(2000);
LocalDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now();
log.info("总耗时:" + Duration.between(startTime, endTime).toMillis() + " ms");
}
}
控制台打印:
2020-05-29 13:13:32.070 INFO 15564 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'executor-one'
2020-05-29 13:13:32.114 INFO 15564 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'executor-two'
2020-05-29 13:13:32.201 INFO 15564 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestExecutor : Started TestExecutor in 1.427 seconds (JVM running for 2.584)
2020-05-29 13:13:32.576 INFO 15564 --- [ task-two-1] c.c3stones.service.TestExecutorService : 调用TestExecutorService.get2()!
2020-05-29 13:13:32.577 INFO 15564 --- [ task-one-1] c.c3stones.service.TestExecutorService : 调用TestExecutorService.get()!
2020-05-29 13:13:34.554 INFO 15564 --- [ main] com.c3stones.test.TestExecutor : 总耗时:2006 ms
2020-05-29 13:13:34.581 INFO 15564 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'executor-two'
2020-05-29 13:13:34.581 INFO 15564 --- [extShutdownHook] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'executor-one'