Kubernetes-二进制部署集群
1.环境准备
| 角色 | IP | 组件 |
|---|---|---|
| Master | 172.16.1.100 | kube-apiserver, kubecontroller-manager, kube-scheduler, kubelet, kube-proxy, docker, etcd |
| Node1 | 172.16.1.101 | kubelet, kube-proxy, etcd, docker |
| Node2 | 172.16.1.102 | kubelet, kube-proxy, etcd, docker |
| Node3 | 172.16.1.103 | kubelet, kube-proxy, docker |
2. 系统初始话配置
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/SELINX=enforcing/SELINX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
# 关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node3
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.16.1.100 k8s-master
172.16.1.101 k8s-node1
172.16.1.102 k8s-node2
172.16.1.103 k8s-node3
EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat >>/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf<<-EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com
3. 部署Etcd集群
| 节点名称 | IP |
|---|---|
| etcd-1 | 172.16.1.100 |
| etcd-2 | 172.16.1.101 |
| etcd-3 | 172.16.1.102 |
3.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具
这里用Master机器操作
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
3.2 生成Etcd证书
创建工作目录
mkdir -p /root/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd /root/TLS/etcd
自签CA证书
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书：会在当前目录生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem证书文件
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
3.2.1 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件
注：文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"172.16.1.100",
"172.16.1.101",
"172.16.1.102"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书，会在当前目录生成server.pem和server-key.pem证书文件
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
3.3 部署Etcd集群
从Github下载二进制文件
下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
以下在节点1上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3。
3.3.1 创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
3.3.2 创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.16.1.100:2380,etcd-2=https://172.16.1.101:2380,etcd-3=https://172.16.1.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
ETCD_NAME： 节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR： 数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS： 集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS： 客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEERURLS： 集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS： 客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER： 集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN： 集群Token
ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE： 加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
3.3.3 systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3.3.4 拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
3.3.5 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd
3.3.6 将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2 3
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.16.1.101:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.16.1.101:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@172.16.1.102:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@172.16.1.102:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP，最后启动etcd并设置开机启动
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://172.16.1.100:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://172.16.1.100:2380,etcd-2=https://172.16.1.101:2380,etcd-3=https://172.16.1.102:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
sed -ri '2s/etcd-1/etcd-2/g' /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
sed -ri '4,9s/172.16.1.100/172.16.1.101/g' /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
sed -ri '2s/etcd-1/etcd-3/g' /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
sed -ri '4,9s/172.16.1.100/172.16.1.102/g' /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
3.3.7 查看集群状态
输出如何信息，则表示etcd集群部署完毕，并且状态都为健康
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://172.16.1.100:2379,https://172.16.1.101:2379,https://172.16.1.102:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://172.16.1.100:2379 | true | 8.2838ms | |
| https://172.16.1.102:2379 | true | 9.110157ms | |
| https://172.16.1.101:2379 | true | 13.874302ms | |
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
4. 安装Docker
4.1 解压二进制包
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
4.2 systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.3 创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
4.4 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker
5. 部署Master Node
5.1 生成kube-apiserver证书
5.1.1 自签证书颁发机构（CA）
cd ~/TLS/k8s
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书，会当前目录生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem证书文件。
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
5.1.2 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件
注：文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"172.16.1.100",
"172.16.1.101",
"172.16.1.102",
"172.16.1.103",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书，会在当前目录生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件。
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
5.2 从Github下载二进制文件
下载地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.20.md
注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server包就够了，包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件。
5.2.1 解压二进制包
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
5.3 部署kube-apiserver
5.3.1 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://172.16.1.100:2379,https://172.16.1.101:2379,https://172.16.1.102:2379 \\
--bind-address=172.16.1.100 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=172.16.1.100 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=api \\
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。
--logtostderr：启用日志
---v：日志等级
--log-dir：日志目录
--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
--bind-address：监听地址
--secure-port：https安全端口
--advertise-address：集群通告地址
--allow-privileged：启用授权
--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
1.20版本必须加的参数：--service-account-issuer，--service-account-signing-key-file
--etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
--audit-log-xxx：审计日志
启动聚合层相关配置：--requestheader-client-ca-file，--proxy-client-cert-file，--proxy-client-key-file，--requestheader-allowed-names，--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix，--requestheader-group-headers，--requestheader-username-headers，--enable-aggregator-routing
5.3.2 拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
5.3.3 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
创建配置文件中token文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组
token也可自行生成替换：
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
5.3.4 systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.3.5 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
5.4 部署kube-controller-manager
5.4.1 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致
5.4.2 生成kubeconfig文件
生成kube-controller-manager证书
切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
生成kubeconfig文件（以下是shell命令，直接在终端执行）
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.1.100:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
5.4.3 systemd管理controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.4.4 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
5.5 部署kube-scheduler
5.5.1 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
5.5.2 生成kubeconfig文件
生成kube-scheduler证书
切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
生成kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.1.100:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
5.5.3 systemd管理scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.5.4 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
5.5.5 查看集群状态
生成kubectl连接集群的证书
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
生成kubeconfig文件
mkdir /root/.kube
KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.1.100:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
--client-certificate=./admin.pem \
--client-key=./admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=cluster-admin \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态，如下输出说明Master节点组件运行正常
kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
5.5.6 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
6. 部署Worker Node
下面还是在Master Node上操作，即同时作为Worker Node
6.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
在所有worker node创建工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
从master节点拷贝
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin
6.2 部署kubelet
6.2.1 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
--hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
--network-plugin：启用CNI
--kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
--bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
--config：配置参数文件
--cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
--pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像
6.2.2 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
6.2.3 生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.1.100:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致
生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
6.2.4 systemd管理kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
6.2.5 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
6.2.6 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群
查看kubelet证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-BLd7-i6xZWyQeTrlb-VRPEbDPblhvYOjj4QyY7VlQdI 5s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-BLd7-i6xZWyQeTrlb-VRPEbDPblhvYOjj4QyY7VlQdI
查看节点
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 NotReady <none> 7s v1.20.13
注：由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
6.3 部署kube-proxy
6.3.1 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
6.3.2 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master1
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
EOF
6.3.3 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
切换工作目录
cd ~/TLS/k8s
创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
生成kubeconfig文件
KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.1.100:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
6.3.4 systemd管理kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
6.3.5 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
6.4 部署CNI网络插件Calico
Calico是一个纯三层的数据中心网络方案，是目前Kubernetes主流的网络方案
部署Calico
下载地址：https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
等Calico Pod都Running，节点也会准备就绪
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 37m v1.20.13
部署calico之后，status是running，但是ready始终不行，错误如下
解决：通过ip link查看有多余的一张无用的tunl0网卡，将这个网卡移除
lsmod | grep ipip //找到是否存在ipip模块
modprobe -r ipip //移除ipip模块，tunl0就消失了
重新applycalico.yaml文件，即可初始化成功
6.5 授权apiserver访问kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
6.6 新增加Worker Node
6.6.1 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点
在Master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点172.16.1.101/102/103
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@172.16.1.101:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@172.16.1.101:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@172.16.1.101:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@172.16.1.102:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@172.16.1.102:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@172.16.1.102:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@172.16.1.103:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@172.16.1.103:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@172.16.1.103:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
6.6.2 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除
6.6.3 修改主机名
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
6.6.4 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl enable kubelet kube-proxy
systemctl status kubelet kube-proxy
6.6.5 在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请
查看证书请求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-9A3euvYXMLK42ruK_zsMiZ49GxtvjmIgBPqtLqoe4Y8 19s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-BLd7-i6xZWyQeTrlb-VRPEbDPblhvYOjj4QyY7VlQdI 6m1s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-IFUpUHGiq82EbotrSpTmNfYSI8K85Kd49uTXlLcStAc 19s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-SiCATjcGKZq6KwV9RBFumM_Pg-drOIFMKq63OJ5D22Q 19s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending
授权请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-9A3euvYXMLK42ruK_zsMiZ49GxtvjmIgBPqtLqoe4Y
6.6.6 查看Node状态
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready <none> 47m v1.20.13
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 6m49s v1.20.13
Node2（172.16.1.102）节点同上。记得修改主机名！
Node3（172.16.1.103 ）节点同上。记得修改主机名！
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready <none> 3h2m v1.20.13
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 170m v1.20.13
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 170m v1.20.13
k8s-node3 Ready <none> 170m v1.20.13
7. 部署CoreDNS
CoreDNS.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- pods
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- discovery.k8s.io
resources:
- endpointslices
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
data:
Corefile: |
.:53 {
errors
health {
lameduck 5s
}
ready
kubernetes CLUSTER_DOMAIN REVERSE_CIDRS {
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
}
prometheus :9153
forward . UPSTREAMNAMESERVER {
max_concurrent 1000
}
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}STUBDOMAINS
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
# replicas: not specified here:
# 1. Default is 1.
# 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: coredns
tolerations:
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
operator: "Exists"
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: k8s-app
operator: In
values: ["kube-dns"]
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
containers:
- name: coredns
image: coredns/coredns:1.8.6
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/coredns
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 5
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: 8181
scheme: HTTP
dnsPolicy: Default
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: coredns
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 10.0.0.2 # 填写集群svc的ip段中的ip
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
- name: metrics
port: 9153
protocol: TCP
8. 部署管理平台（Kuboard）
kubectl apply -f https://addons.kuboard.cn/kuboard/kuboard-v3.yaml
您也可以使用下面的指令，唯一的区别是，该指令使用华为云的镜像仓库替代 docker hub 分发 Kuboard 所需要的镜像
kubectl apply -f https://addons.kuboard.cn/kuboard/kuboard-v3-swr.yaml
$ kubectl get pods,svc -n kuboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/kuboard-agent-2-784595cbfc-cb5tb 1/1 Running 8 2d22h
pod/kuboard-agent-c984ccb9c-k8clz 1/1 Running 9 2d22h
pod/kuboard-etcd-n6f54 1/1 Running 4 2d22h
pod/kuboard-questdb-ccc47b998-5nmn2 1/1 Running 2 2d22h
pod/kuboard-v3-59ccddb94c-8lxl4 1/1 Running 4 2d22h
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kuboard-v3 NodePort 172.1.210.126 <none> 80:30080/TCP,10081:30081/TCP,10081:30081/UDP 2d22h
浏览器访问http://ip:30080打开管理界面
- 用户名：
admin- 密码：
Kuboard123
