跨域问题
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
<title>jsonp_test</title>
<script>
var f = function(data){
alert(data.name);
}
/*var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onload = function(){
alert(xhr.responseText);
};
xhr.open('POST', 'http://localhost:8888/cors', true);
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xhr.send("f=json");*/
</script>
<script>
var _script = document.createElement('script');
_script.type = "text/javascript";
_script.src = "http://localhost:8888/jsonp?callback=f";
document.head.appendChild(_script);
</script>
</head>
<script> var _script = document.createElement('script'); _script.type = "text/javascript"; _script.src = "http://localhost:8888/jsonp?callback=f"; document.head.appendChild(_script); </script>
jsonp frame img ajax 等
jsonp 方法
客户端：
function xxoo(arg){ }
<script src = "xxxxx"></script>
<script>
xxoo({"status":1,"message":"adsfasdf”})；
</script>
服务器端：
{"status":1,"message":"adsfasdf”}
返回给用户：xxoo({"status":1,"message":"adsfasdf”});
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <p> <input type="button" onclick="Jsonp1();" value='提交'/> </p> <p> <input type="button" onclick="Jsonp2();" value='提交'/> </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> function Jsonp1(){ var tag = document.createElement('script'); tag.src = "http://c2.com:8000/test/"; document.head.appendChild(tag); document.head.removeChild(tag); } function Jsonp2(){ $.ajax({ url: "http://c2.com:8000/test/", type: 'GET', dataType: 'JSONP', success: function(data, statusText, xmlHttpRequest){ console.log(data); } }) } </script> </body> </html> 基于JSONP实现跨域Ajax - Demo
2、CORS
随着技术的发展，现在的浏览器可以支持主动设置从而允许跨域请求，即：跨域资源共享（CORS，Cross-Origin Resource Sharing），其本质是设置响应头，使得浏览器允许跨域请求。
* 简单请求 OR 非简单请求
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条件： 1、请求方式：HEAD、GET、POST 2、请求头信息： Accept Accept-Language Content-Language Last-Event-ID Content-Type 对应的值是以下三个中的任意一个 application/x-www-form-urlencoded multipart/form-data text/plain注意：同时满足以上两个条件时，则是简单请求，否则为复杂请求 |
* 简单请求和非简单请求的区别？
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简单请求：一次请求非简单请求：两次请求，在发送数据之前会先发一次请求用于做“预检”，只有“预检”通过后才再发送一次请求用于数据传输。 |
* 关于“预检”
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- 请求方式：OPTIONS- “预检”其实做检查，检查如果通过则允许传输数据，检查不通过则不再发送真正想要发送的消息- 如何“预检” => 如果复杂请求是PUT等请求，则服务端需要设置允许某请求，否则“预检”不通过 Access-Control-Request-Method => 如果复杂请求设置了请求头，则服务端需要设置允许某请求头，否则“预检”不通过 Access-Control-Request-Headers |
基于cors实现AJAX请求:
a、支持跨域，简单请求
服务器设置响应头：Access-Control-Allow-Origin = '域名' 或 '*'
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="XmlSendRequest();" /> </p> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="JqSendRequest();" /> </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> function XmlSendRequest(){ var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){ if(xhr.readyState == 4) { var result = xhr.responseText; console.log(result); } }; xhr.open('GET', "http://c2.com:8000/test/", true); xhr.send(); } function JqSendRequest(){ $.ajax({ url: "http://c2.com:8000/test/", type: 'GET', dataType: 'text', success: function(data, statusText, xmlHttpRequest){ console.log(data); } }) } </script> </body> </html> HTML
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def get(self): self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', "http://www.xxx.com") self.write('{"status": true, "data": "seven"}')
b、支持跨域，复杂请求
由于复杂请求时，首先会发送“预检”请求，如果“预检”成功，则发送真实数据。
- “预检”请求时，允许请求方式则需服务器设置响应头：Access-Control-Request-Method
- “预检”请求时，允许请求头则需服务器设置响应头：Access-Control-Request-Headers
- “预检”缓存时间，服务器设置响应头：Access-Control-Max-Age
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="XmlSendRequest();" /> </p> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="JqSendRequest();" /> </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> function XmlSendRequest(){ var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){ if(xhr.readyState == 4) { var result = xhr.responseText; console.log(result); } }; xhr.open('PUT', "http://c2.com:8000/test/", true); xhr.setRequestHeader('k1', 'v1'); xhr.send(); } function JqSendRequest(){ $.ajax({ url: "http://c2.com:8000/test/", type: 'PUT', dataType: 'text', headers: {'k1': 'v1'}, success: function(data, statusText, xmlHttpRequest){ console.log(data); } }) } </script> </body> </html> HTML
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def put(self): self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', "http://www.xxx.com") self.write('{"status": true, "data": "seven"}') def options(self, *args, **kwargs): self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', "http://www.xxx.com") self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', "k1,k2") self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', "PUT,DELETE") self.set_header('Access-Control-Max-Age', 10) Tornado
c、跨域获取响应头
默认获取到的所有响应头只有基本信息，如果想要获取自定义的响应头，则需要再服务器端设置Access-Control-Expose-Headers。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="XmlSendRequest();" /> </p> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="JqSendRequest();" /> </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> function XmlSendRequest(){ var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){ if(xhr.readyState == 4) { var result = xhr.responseText; console.log(result); // 获取响应头 console.log(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders()); } }; xhr.open('PUT', "http://c2.com:8000/test/", true); xhr.setRequestHeader('k1', 'v1'); xhr.send(); } function JqSendRequest(){ $.ajax({ url: "http://c2.com:8000/test/", type: 'PUT', dataType: 'text', headers: {'k1': 'v1'}, success: function(data, statusText, xmlHttpRequest){ console.log(data); // 获取响应头 console.log(xmlHttpRequest.getAllResponseHeaders()); } }) } </script> </body> </html> HTML
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def put(self): self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', "http://www.xxx.com") self.set_header('xxoo', "seven") self.set_header('bili', "daobidao") self.set_header('Access-Control-Expose-Headers', "xxoo,bili") self.write('{"status": true, "data": "seven"}') def options(self, *args, **kwargs): self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', "http://www.xxx.com") self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', "k1,k2") self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', "PUT,DELETE") self.set_header('Access-Control-Max-Age', 10) Tornado
d、跨域传输cookie
在跨域请求中，默认情况下，HTTP Authentication信息，Cookie头以及用户的SSL证书无论在预检请求中或是在实际请求都是不会被发送。
如果想要发送：
- 浏览器端：XMLHttpRequest的withCredentials为true
- 服务器端：Access-Control-Allow-Credentials为true
- 注意：服务器端响应的 Access-Control-Allow-Origin 不能是通配符 *
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="XmlSendRequest();" /> </p> <p> <input type="submit" onclick="JqSendRequest();" /> </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> function XmlSendRequest(){ var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){ if(xhr.readyState == 4) { var result = xhr.responseText; console.log(result); } }; xhr.withCredentials = true; xhr.open('PUT', "http://c2.com:8000/test/", true); xhr.setRequestHeader('k1', 'v1'); xhr.send(); } function JqSendRequest(){ $.ajax({ url: "http://c2.com:8000/test/", type: 'PUT', dataType: 'text', headers: {'k1': 'v1'}, xhrFields:{withCredentials: true}, success: function(data, statusText, xmlHttpRequest){ console.log(data); } }) } </script> </body> </html> HTML
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): def put(self): self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', "http://www.xxx.com") self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials', "true") self.set_header('xxoo', "seven") self.set_header('bili', "daobidao") self.set_header('Access-Control-Expose-Headers', "xxoo,bili") self.set_cookie('kkkkk', 'vvvvv'); self.write('{"status": true, "data": "seven"}') def options(self, *args, **kwargs): self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', "http://www.xxx.com") self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', "k1,k2") self.set_header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', "PUT,DELETE") self.set_header('Access-Control-Max-Age', 10) Tornado
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