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二叉树的前序遍历

leetcode原题:144. 二叉树的前序遍历

题目描述

给你二叉树的根节点root,返回它节点值的前序遍历。

示例 1:

输入:root = [1,null,2,3]
输出:[1,2,3]

示例 2:

输入:root = []
输出:[]

示例 3:

输入:root = [1]
输出:[1]

示例 4:

输入:root = [1,2]
输出:[1,2]

示例 5:

输入:root = [1,null,2]
输出:[1,2]

提示:

  • 树中节点数目在范围[0, 100]
  • -100 <= Node.val <= 100

进阶:递归算法很简单,你可以通过迭代算法完成吗?

分析

递归思路:

先立刻记录根节点的值,然后递归访问左孩子,递归访问右孩子。


迭代思路:

可以借助栈来实现,初始化一个只有根节点的栈。只要栈不为空,反复执行以下操作:
【弹出栈顶元素,立刻记录该栈顶元素的值;如果该栈顶元素的右孩子不为空,则入栈;如果该栈顶元素的左孩子不为空,则入栈】

实现

Java

递归版本:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        visit(res, root);
        return res;
    }

    public void visit(List<Integer> res, TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }

        res.add(root.val);

        if (root.left != null) {
            visit(res, root.left);
        }

        if (root.right != null) {
            visit(res, root.right);
        }
    }
}

迭代版本:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }

        LinkedList<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();
        stack.push(root);

        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode cur = stack.pop();
            res.add(cur.val);

            if (cur.right != null) {
                stack.push(cur.right);
            }
            if (cur.left != null) {
                stack.push(cur.left);
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
}

Python3

递归版本:

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def preorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        res = []
        if not root:
            return res

        def visit(root: TreeNode):
            res.append(root.val)
            if root.left:
                visit(root.left)
            if root.right:
                visit(root.right)

        visit(root)
        return res

迭代版本:

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def preorderTraversal(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        res = []
        if not root:
            return res

        stack = [root]
        while stack:
            cur = stack.pop()
            res.append(cur.val)
            if cur.right:
                stack.append(cur.right)
            if cur.left:
                stack.append(cur.left)
        
        return res
posted @ 2021-10-11 16:22  行无际  阅读(144)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报