[leetcode] 238. Product of Array Except Self
题目大意
https://leetcode.com/problems/product-of-array-except-self/description/
238. Product of Array Except Self
Given an array nums of n integers where n > 1, return an array output such that output[i] is equal to the product of all the elements of nums except nums[i].
Example:
Input: [1,2,3,4]
Output: [24,12,8,6]
Note: Please solve it without division and in O(n).
Follow up:
Could you solve it with constant space complexity? (The output array does not count as extra space for the purpose of space complexity analysis.)
给定长度为n的整数数组nums,其中n > 1,返回输出数组output,满足output[i]等于除nums[i]之外其余各数的乘积。
不使用除法,在O(n)时间复杂度内完成此题目。
例如,给定 [1,2,3,4],返回 [24,12,8,6]。
进一步思考:
你可以在常数空间复杂度内完成题目吗?(注意:输出数组不算在空间复杂度分析中)
解题思路
思路1:除法
计算全部数字的乘积,然后分别除以num数组中的每一个数(需要排除数字0)。然而,题目要求不能使用除法。
思路2:计算每个元素的前后元素累计乘积
对数组中的每一个数,计算其前面元素及其后面元素的乘积。然而,时间复杂度O(n^2),超出时间限制。
class Solution(object): def productExceptSelf(self, nums): # Time Limit Exceeded return [self.product(nums[:i] + nums[i+1:]) for i in range(len(nums))] def product(self, arr): res = 1 for n in arr: res *= n return res
思路3:正反遍历数组
由于res[i] = (x0 * x1 * ... * xi-1) * (xi+1 * .... * xn-1),因此执行两趟循环:
- 第一趟正向遍历数组,计算x0 ~ xi-1的乘积
- 第二趟反向遍历数组,计算xi+1 ~ xn-1的乘积
时间复杂度O(n),空间复杂度O(1)
class Solution(object): def productExceptSelf(self, nums): """ :type nums: List[int] :rtype: List[int] """ size = len(nums) res = [1] * size left = 1 for i in range(size): # forword res[i] *= left left *= nums[i] right = 1 for i in range(size-1, -1, -1): # backword res[i] *= right right *= nums[i] return res
参考:
https://leetcode.com/problems/product-of-array-except-self/discuss/65625/Python-solution-(Accepted)-O(n)-time-O(1)-space
http://bookshadow.com/weblog/2015/07/16/leetcode-product-array-except-self/